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. 2026 Sep 18;11(38):56667–56679. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04481

3. Proposed Carbon Destiny Criteria (CDC) for Evaluating CO2 Sequestration and Utilization Technologies.

carbon destiny criterion key evaluation question decision-making value
carbon permanence potential how long will the captured carbon remain outside the atmosphere? evaluates long-term climate benefits beyond capture efficiency
carbon value multiplication how much economic value can be generated from captured CO2? links carbon management with industrial value creation
carbon circularity potential can the captured carbon be continuously reused without relying on fossil carbon? assesses contribution to a circular carbon economy
carbon legacy potential what long-term environmental legacy does this carbon pathway create? considers intergenerational sustainability and permanent carbon removal
carbon transformation complexity how complex is the conversion of captured CO2 into a stable or valuable product? evaluates process simplicity, scalability, and energy demand