Table 3.
Comparing socio-demographic and economic characteristics to smoking behavior in Bangladesh (GATS 2017-18) (N = 2492)
| Variable | Age of initiation | Smoking Intensity | Smoking cessation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean (SE) | Weighted mean (SE) | n (Weighted %) | |||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 20.05 (0.18) | 11.43 (0.35) | 344 (35.37) | ||
| Female | 26.97 (7.16) | 7.65 (1.32) | 1 (17.61) | ||
| p-value | 0.333 | 0.006 | 0.382 | ||
| Age | |||||
| 15–25 | 16.79 (0.28) | 8.74 (1.25) | 25 (41.34) | ||
| 25–35 | 19.79 (0.25) | 10.24 (0.41) | 72 (29.73) | ||
| 35–45 | 21.39 (0.36) | 12.44 (0.62) | 95 (30.55) | ||
| 45–55 | 20.20 (0.36) | 12.75 (0.75) | 75 (41.39) | ||
| ≥55 | 20.69 (0.81) | 11.22 (0.69) | 78 (37.4) | ||
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.339 | ||
| Residence | |||||
| Urban | 20.35 (0.33) | 10.35 (0.73) | 156 (36.99) | ||
| Rural | 20.12 (0.28) | 11.69 (0.40) | 189 (34.61) | ||
| p-value | 0.596 | 0.108 | 0.631 | ||
| Division | |||||
| Barisal | 20.05 (0.44) | 8.05 (0.50) | 48 (53.62) | ||
| Chattogram | 19.80 (0.42) | 11.77 (0.70) | 28 (16.02) | ||
| Dhaka | 20.21 (0.38) | 11.07 (0.85) | 55 (45.41) | ||
| Khulna | 20.96 (0.48) | 11.14 (0.72) | 35 (40.03) | ||
| Mymensingh | 18.53 (0.54) | 11.65 (0.67) | 35 (34.95) | ||
| Rajshahi | 19.96 (0.48) | 10.64 (0.67) | 46 (33.68) | ||
| Rangpur | 22.69 (1.43) | 13.41 (1.39) | 63 (41.67) | ||
| Sylhet | 19.06 (0.52) | 11.74 (0.74) | 35 (28.62) | ||
| p-value | 0.011 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| Educational Level | |||||
| No Formal School | 19.75 (0.46) | 12.19 (0.51) | 110 (32.9) | ||
| Less Than Primary | 19.72 (0.29) | 10.71 (0.58) | 75 (34.16) | ||
| Primary School Completed | 20.58 (0.40) | 10.74 (0.64) | 34 (33.74) | ||
| Less Than Secondary | 19.97 (0.43) | 10.55 (0.66) | 62 (40.48) | ||
| School Completed | 21.45 (0.55) | 12.01 (2.36) | 21 (29.02) | ||
| High School Completed | 23.15 (0.55) | 13.12 (2.56) | 17 (47.89) | ||
| Graduation Completed | 22.62 (1.01) | 9.21 (1.60) | 17 (33.24) | ||
| Postgraduate Degree | 22.48 (1.36) | 9.29 (2.38) | 9 (59.48) | ||
| p-value | < 0.001 | 0.177 | 0.620 | ||
| Occupation | |||||
| Government Employee | 20.30 (1.17) | 7.50 (1.41) | 5 (14.00) | ||
| Non-Government Employee | 20.68 (0.44) | 9.86 (0.90) | 25 (40.27) | ||
| Business (Small) | 20.77 (0.41) | 11.69 (0.71) | 69 (28.79) | ||
| Business (Large) | 23.73 (1.32) | 14.70 (2.23) | 12 (34.09) | ||
| Farming (Land Owner & Farmer) | 20.06 (0.38) | 12.06 (0.71) | 72 (46.46) | ||
| Agricultural Worker | 20.54 (0.47) | 12.27 (1.19) | 26 (41.55) | ||
| Industrial Worker | 19.84 (0.71) | 9.67 (0.94) | 3 (33.52) | ||
| Daily Laborer | 19.08 (0.27) | 11.09 (0.51) | 54 (25.39) | ||
| Other Self-Employed | 19.26 (0.42) | 10.85 (0.69) | 32 (31.87) | ||
| Student | 18.11 (1.47) | 9.47 (3.09) | 6 (39.73) | ||
| Homemaker / Housewife | 31.36 (8.93) | 8.11 (1.53) | 1 (29.36) | ||
| Paid Domestic Worker | 25.00 (…) | 3.00 (…) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Retired | 20.21 (0.79) | 9.89 (1.05) | 10 (58.46) | ||
| Unemployed, Able to Work | 18.98 (0.87) | 17.40 (4.37) | 6 (19.72) | ||
| Unemployed, Unable to Work | 17.39 (0.82) | 8.47 (1.09) | 7 (43.56) | ||
| Other (Specify) | 19.89 (0.66) | 10.25 (1.12) | 17 (44.62) | ||
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.085 | ||
| Wealth Index | |||||
| Poorest | 19.85 (0.36) | 10.60 (0.57) | 55 (35.59) | ||
| Poorer | 19.79 (0.33) | 11.32 (0.71) | 54 (30.58) | ||
| Poor | 19.54 (0.37) | 11.55 (0.67) | 54 (28.17) | ||
| Rich | 20.24 (0.29) | 10.39 (0.55) | 86 (42.65) | ||
| Richest | 20.87 (0.60) | 12.45 (0.70) | 96 (36.44) | ||
| p-value | 0.285 | 0.166 | 0.241 | ||
(…) indicates that the standard error (SE) is not available. P-values have been obtained using the Rao–Scott adjusted chi-square test for categorical variables, and -weighted t-test and ANOVA for continuous variables