Table 7.
Sensitivity analysis comparing Firth penalized logistic regression with survey-weighted and unweighted models
| Variable | OR (95%CI) | % Change from M1 | Verdict | Verdict | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M1→M2 | M1→M3 | M1→M2 | M1→M3 | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male (rf) | |||||||
| Female | 0.64(0.10, 4.21) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 | 100 | 100 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Age | |||||||
| 15–24 (rf) | |||||||
| 25–34 | 0.85(0.47,1.53) | 0.66 (0.28, 1.57) | 0.86 (0.47, 1.56) | 22.36 | 1.18 | Unstable | Stable |
| 35–44 | 1.00(0.56,1.80) | 0.67 (0.28, 1.59) | 1.02 (0.56, 1.86) | 33 | 2.00 | Unstable | Stable |
| 45–54 | 0.96(0.53,1.76) | 1.07 (0.47, 2.42) | 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) | 11.46 | 1.05 | Unstable | Stable |
| ≥55 | 1.20(0.64,2.23) | 1.00 (0.42, 2.38) | 1.25 (0.66, 2.36) | 16.67 | 4.17 | Unstable | Stable |
| Residence | |||||||
| Urban (rf) | |||||||
| Rural | 0.90(0.67,1.21) | 1.18 (0.75, 1.86) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.22) | 31.12 | 0.00 | Unstable | Stable |
| Division | |||||||
| Barisal (rf) | |||||||
| Chattogram | 0.30(0.17,0.53) | 0.15 (0.07, 0.34) | 0.27 (0.15, 0.49) | 50 | 10 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Dhaka | 1.12(0.67,1.89) | 0.72 (0.38, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.66, 1.93) | 35.72 | 0.90 | Unstable | Stable |
| Khulna | 0.80(0.46,1.42) | 0.53 (0.23, 1.21) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.40) | 33.75 | 1.25 | Unstable | Stable |
| Mymensingh | 0.60(0.35,1.05) | 0.40 (0.18, 0.86) | 0.58 (0.33, 1.03) | 33.34 | 3.34 | Unstable | Stable |
| Rajshahi | 0.81(0.48,1.39) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.91) | 0.80 (0.46, 1.38) | 48.15 | 1.24 | Unstable | Stable |
| Rangpur | 0.82(0.50,1.35) | 0.63 (0.31, 1.30) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.34) | 23.18 | 2.44 | Unstable | Stable |
| Sylhet | 0.50(0.29,0.87) | 0.35 (0.15, 0.79) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.86) | 30 | 2.00 | Unstable | Stable |
| Educational Level | |||||||
| No Formal School (rf) | |||||||
| Less Than Primary | 1.33(0.91,1.95) | 1.33 (0.81, 2.18) | 1.36 (0.92, 2.01) | 0.00 | 2.26 | Stable | Stable |
| Primary School Completed | 0.98(0.61,1.58) | 1.15 (0.59, 2.27) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.60) | 17.35 | 0.00 | Unstable | Stable |
| Less Than Secondary | 1.10(0.72,1.67) | 1.44 (0.79, 2.64) | 1.10 (0.72, 1.69) | 30.91 | 0.00 | Unstable | Stable |
| School Completed | 0.98(0.53,1.79) | 1.01 (0.38, 2.72) | 0.98 (0.52, 1.82) | 3.07 | 0.00 | Stable | Stable |
| High School Completed | 1.62(0.76,3.48) | 4.16 (1.36, 12.70) | 1.65 (0.75, 3.63) | 156.8 | 1.86 | Unstable | Stable |
| Graduation Completed | 2.23(1.02,4.88) | 1.09 (0.21, 5.58) | 2.31 (1.03, 5.17) | 51.13 | 3.59 | Unstable | Stable |
| Postgraduate Degree | 3.13(1.13,8.70) | 3.59 (0.67, 19.18) | 3.30 (1.14, 9.53) | 14.7 | 5.44 | Unstable | Stable |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Government Employee (rf) | |||||||
| Non-Government Employee | 1.32(0.44,3.96) | 4.90 (1.27, 18.92) | 1.40 (0.44, 4.45) | 271.22 | 6.07 | Unstable | Stable |
| Business (Small) | 2.03(0.69,5.91) | 3.67 (0.80, 16.83) | 2.22 (0.72, 6.84) | 80.79 | 9.36 | Unstable | Stable |
| Business (Large) | 1.86(0.55,6.31) | 2.86 (0.50, 16.41) | 1.99 (0.55, 7.17) | 53.77 | 6.99 | Unstable | Stable |
| Farming (Land Owner) | 3.03(1.00,9.17) | 7.32 (1.53, 35.10) | 3.35 (1.05, 10.70) | 141.59 | 10.57 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Agricultural Worker | 2.49(0.76,8.17) | 7.03 (1.53, 32.24) | 2.75 (0.80, 9.50) | 182.33 | 10.45 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Industrial Worker | 1.26(0.25,6.35) | 4.96 (0.57, 42.88) | 1.24 (0.22, 6.94) | 293.66 | 1.59 | Unstable | Stable |
| Daily Laborer | 1.49(0.49,4.51) | 3.58 (0.75, 17.21) | 1.63 (0.51, 5.21) | 140.27 | 9.40 | Unstable | Stable |
| Other Self-Employed | 2.05(0.66,6.39) | 3.98 (0.81, 19.46) | 2.23 (0.68, 7.33) | 94.15 | 8.79 | Unstable | Stable |
| Student | 2.87(0.61,13.43) | 2.03 (0.18, 22.63) | 3.18 (0.63, 16.11) | 29.27 | 10.81 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Retired | 3.39(0.87,13.24) | 19.85 (3.11, 126.60) | 3.69 (0.89, 15.29) | 485.55 | 8.85 | Unstable | Stable |
| Unemployed, Able to Work | 1.41(0.36, 0.56) | 3.40 (0.51, 22.86) | 1.55 (0.37, 6.57) | 141.14 | 9.93 | Unstable | Stable |
| Unemployed, Unable to Work | 1.97(0.50,7.80) | 5.28 (0.63, 44.64) | 1.88 (0.43, 8.10) | 168.03 | 4.57 | Unstable | Stable |
| Other (Specify) | 2.88(0.86,9.63) | 10.05 (1.74, 58.18) | 3.20 (0.91, 11.28) | 248.96 | 11.12 | Unstable | Unstable |
| Wealth Index | |||||||
| Poorest (rf) | |||||||
| Poorer | 0.58 (0.29, 1.18) | 0.56 (0.28, 1.11) | 0.83 (0.51, 1.34) | 3.45 | 43.11 | Stable | Unstable |
| Poor | 0.63 (0.31, 1.28) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.16) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.15) | 7.94 | 12.7 | Stable | Unstable |
| Rich | 1.15 (0.65, 2.02) | 1.10 (0.62, 1.93) | 1.10 (0.70, 1.72) | 4.35 | 4.35 | Stable | Stable |
| Richest | 0.82 (0.48, 1.4) | 0.79 (0.46, 1.35) | 0.96 (0.62, 1.48) | 3.66 | 17.08 | Stable | Unstable |
| Constant | 0.27 (0.04, 1.73) | 0.28 (0.04, 1.84) | 0.32(0.08, 1.27) | 3.71 | 18.52 | Stable | Unstable |
M1 refers to the Firth penalized logistic regression model, M2 denotes the survey-weighted logistic regression model, and M3 represents the unweighted logistic regression model. OR indicates odds ratio, and 95% CI refers to the 95% confidence interval. Percentage change has been calculated as |OR_M1 − OR_Mx| / |OR_M1| × 100, where OR_Mx corresponds to either OR_M2 or OR_M3. Results have been deemed stable if the percentage change has been < 10% and unstable if it has been ≥ 10%