2. Number and Percent Detected and Range of Urine Metabolite Concentrations in Participants from East Palestine, Marietta, and the NHANES 2015–16 Cohorts.
| Parent chemical/metabolite, ng/mL | East Palestine (N = 19), n (%) detected, range | Marietta (N = 13), n (%) detected, range | NHANES 2015–16 (N = 1042), n (%) detected, range | East Palestine and Marietta LOD ng/mL | NHANES 2015–16 LOD ng/mL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, and acrylonitrile/HEMA | 14 (74), ND - 5.3 | 0 (0), ND | 415 (40), ND - 12.8 | 3.0 | 0.79 |
| 55 (5), ND - 12.8 | 3.0 | ||||
| acrolein/3HPMA | 19 (100), 8.9–166.7 | 12 (92), ND - 95.8 | 966 (93), ND - 3510 | 6.0 | 13 |
| acrolein/CEMA | 19 (100), 10–204.8 | 12 (92), ND - 123.8 | 1037 (99.5), ND - 2610 | 5.0 | 6.96 |
| benzene/PMA | 1 (5), ND - 7.8 | 1 (8), ND - 10 | 466 (45), ND - 17.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
| toluene/BMA | 14 (74), ND - 7.6 | 13 (100), 1–68 | 1039 (99.7), ND - 1330 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| ethylbenzene and styrene/PGA | 19 (100), >2–136.4 | 13 (100), 11.0–599.9 | 1031 (99), ND - 2400 | 2.0 | 12 |
| xylene/MHA | 19 (100), 3.3–131.6 | 13 (100), 5.2–160.6 | 1038 (99.6), ND - 16130 | 3.0 | 13 |
| butyl acrylate/BuAMA | 1 (5), ND - 11 | 0 (0), ND | NA | 2.9 | NA |
LOD: limit of detection; ND: not detected; NA: not available.
a
An LOD of 3 ng/mL would result in a reduction in the frequency of detection to 5%.