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. 2026 Sep 18;13:1883973. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1883973

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© 2026 Li, Wang, Xuan, Zhang, Qian and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line graph showing age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per one hundred thousand population from 1999 to 2023 by race. Four colored lines represent Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, and Non-Hispanic Other groups. Each group shows a general decline in AAMR over time, with Non-Hispanic Black rates consistently highest and Non-Hispanic Other the lowest. A legend below details annual percent changes and confidence intervals for each group across specific periods. — Race-stratified IHD-related AAMR per 100,000 population in the United States, 1999–2023.