Table 2.
Fuzzy RDD estimates of the effect of the digital health education module, with first-stage compliance diagnostics (45-day CCT bandwidth; triangular kernel; clustered SEs at class level).
| Outcome | Pre-cutoff mean | Post-cutoff mean | β | SE | p-value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A. First stage—module completion (Di) | ||||||
| Module completion | [fill:e.g, 0.083] | [fill:e.g, 0.862] | π 1 =[fill] | [fill] | <0.001 | [LB],[UB] |
| Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F | — | — | F=[fill,e.g.,214.7] | (—) | — | — |
| Complier share at cutoff | — | — | [fill,%] | (—) | — | — |
| Panel B. Second stage—local average treatment effects (βi) | ||||||
| Enrollment activation | — | — | 0.112 | 0.018 | <0.001 | 0.077, 0.147 |
| Policy knowledge (0–1) | — | — | 0.515 | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.456, 0.574 |
| Claim success | — | — | 0.105 | 0.021 | <0.001 | 0.064, 0.146 |
| Satisfaction (0–100) | — | — | 35.7 | 2.6 | <0.001 | 30.6, 40.8 |
| HIPI composite (z) | — | — | 0.72 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.62, 0.82 |
All specifications include baseline covariates (age, gender, rural hukou, first-generation student, only-child status, self-rated health, chronic illness, family income, parental education). Standard errors are clustered at the major-by-cohort level (48 clusters). A triangular kernel and 45-day CCT optimal bandwidth are used. Pre-cutoff mean is the predicted value of the dependent variable at the cutoff from the left (Ti = 0), evaluated at covariate means; post-cutoff mean is the predicted value from the right (Ti = 1). For the first-stage outcome (module completion) these correspond to the share of compliers who complete the pilot version (left) versus the mandatory module (right) within the 45-day CCT bandwidth. π₁ is the first-stage discontinuity in module completion; β̂₁ is the 2SLS local average treatment effect for compliers. Placeholders in square brackets must be filled in by the authors using the estimation sample. Standard errors are clustered at the class (admission cohort × major) level; the Kleibergen–Paap rk Wald F statistic well exceeds the Stock–Yogo 10% maximal-IV-size critical value of 16.38 (one endogenous regressor, one instrument). RDD, regression discontinuity design; CCT, Calonico–Cattaneo–Titiunik; KHB, Karlson–Holm–Breen; BMIUR, Basic Medical Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents; HIPI, Health Insurance Protection Index; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval.