TABLE 2.

Dosing and costs of various CLAD treatments.

Treatment	Typical CLAD regimen	Costs*	Notes
Azithromycin	250 mg orally 3×/week or 250 mg every other day	€	Generic; very low cost across EU. Often <€10 for a month’s supply
Montelukast	10 mg orally daily	€	Generic; inexpensive in most EU countries
Pirfenidone	801 mg 3×/day (standard dose)	€€	Generic; widely available. Actual reimbursed costs vary
ECP	Initial: 2 days every 1–2 weeks; Maintenance: 2 days every 4 weeks**	€€€	Varying availability. Highly variable by center, frequency, and technology (online vs. offline). Reimbursement differs by country
ATG	Short course (3–10 doses, total 3–9 mg/kg)	€€€	Varying availability. Vial costs vary; total depends on weight and protocol
Alemtuzumab	Usually 1–few 10–30 mg IV doses	€€€	Varying availability

^*Monthly costs in Europe € - < 100€, €€ 100–1.000€, €€€ = >1.000€.

^**Differing schedules exist.

ATG, anti-thymocyte globulin; CLAD, chronic lung allograft dysfunction; ECP, extracorporeal photopheresis.