Table 5.

Diagnostic performance of POD3 biomarkers and ΔWINA for postoperative wound complications

Parameter	AUC	95% CI	Cut-off	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Accuracy (%)	LR+	LR−
ΔWINA	0.872	0.789–0.941	245.0	83.3	80.6	62.5	92.6	81.4	4.29	0.21
WINA (POD3)	0.848	0.761–0.917	402.5	79.2	77.4	57.6	90.6	77.9	3.50	0.27
CAR (POD3)	0.812	0.715–0.886	44.8	75.0	72.6	51.4	88.2	73.3	2.74	0.34
CRP (POD3), mg/L	0.781	0.679–0.864	142	75.0	71.0	50.0	88.0	72.1	2.59	0.35
NLR (POD3)	0.752	0.648–0.842	7.8	70.8	72.6	50.0	86.5	72.1	2.58	0.40
Albumin (POD3), g/dL	0.721	0.612–0.815	3.0	70.8	67.7	45.9	85.7	68.6	2.19	0.43

Cut-off values were derived from the study sample using the Youden index. For albumin, values below the cut-off were classified as positive. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated using the observed wound complication prevalence of 27.9%. Pairwise AUC comparisons were performed using the DeLong test with Holm adjustment for five comparisons. For ΔWINA versus WINA at POD3, the unadjusted and adjusted p-values were 0.184 and 0.184, respectively. The corresponding values were 0.088 and 0.176 for CAR at POD3, 0.014 and 0.042 for CRP at POD3, 0.006 and 0.024 for NLR at POD3, and 0.002 and 0.010 for albumin at POD3. Abbreviations: AUC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CAR C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, LR+ positive likelihood ratio, LR− negative likelihood ratio, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NPV negative predictive value, POD postoperative day, PPV positive predictive value, WINA Wound Inflammation–Nutrition Index