Table 3.

One Health topics among G20 institutions within food systems and their modelling approaches

G20 National One Health Priorities	Route of Transmission	One Health Pillars	Example Pathogens	Mathematical Modelling
Food Safety	Faecal-oral infection route.	Food, Livestock, Wildlife, Humans, Environment	Salmonella spp., E. coli, Campylobacter, Taenia solium, Vibrio spp., Fasciola hepatica	Risk assessments, generalized linear models, mixed effects models, Bayesian methods, machine learning
Zoonotic Disease, Vector-borne, Neglected Tropical Disease	Faecal-oral, respiratory, fomites, or vector-based.	Humans, Animals, Wildlife, Domestic Animals, Livestock, Environment	Influenza, Leptospira spp., Brucella spp., Rabies, Bacillus anthracis, Coxiella burnetii, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Mycobacterium avium, Onchocerciasis, Schistosomiasis, Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium falciparum, West Nile Virus, Hantavirus, Babesia spp.	Favourability models, generalized linear models, mixed effects models, Bayesian methods, compartment model
Antimicrobial Resistance	Primarily bloodstream infections and respiratory diseases. Faecal-oral route also possible.	Humans, Livestock, Environment	E. coli, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas spp., K. Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus.	Phylogenetics, network analysis, integrated modelling, machine learning, Bayesian methods, generalized linear models, mixed effect models, agent-based