Table 1.
Baseline
| Variable | Overall (n=7076) | Training (n=4954) | Validation (n=2122) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (Male, n %) | 4636 (65.50) | 3216 (64.90) | 1420 (66.90) | 0.111 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.80 (10.68) | 67.71 (10.75) | 68.03 (10.51) | 0.237 |
| Age (years) | 69.70 (6.40) | 69.76 (6.43) | 69.57 (6.33) | 0.252 |
| CKD (yes, n %) | 606 (8.6) | 418 (8.4) | 188 (8.9) | 0.593 |
| Hypertension (yes, n%) | 3879 (54.8) | 2711 (54.7) | 1168 (55.0) | 0.825 |
| Diabetes (yes, n %) | 1942 (27.4) | 1395 (28.2) | 547 (25.8) | 0.043 |
| CVD (yes, n %) | 2928 (41.4) | 2064 (41.7) | 864 (40.7) | 0.475 |
| COPD (yes, n %) | 551 (7.8) | 392 (7.9) | 159 (7.5) | 0.579 |
| Arrhythmia (yes, n %) | 1712 (24.2) | 1216 (24.5) | 496 (23.4) | 0.306 |
| Stroke (yes, n %) | 1088 (15.4) | 741 (15.0) | 347 (16.4) | 0.146 |
| VHD (yes, n %) | 1541 (21.8) | 1090 (22.0) | 451 (21.3) | 0.504 |
| Diuretic yes, (n %) | 4381 (61.9) | 3094 (62.5) | 1287 (60.7) | 0.16 |
| Vasoactive drugs (yes, n %) | 2247 (31.8) | 1592 (32.1) | 655 (30.9) | 0.307 |
| ACEIs/ARBs (yes, n %) | 3676 (52.0) | 2526 (51.0) | 1150 (54.2) | 0.014 |
| Anticoagulants (yes, n %) | 2941 (41.6) | 2066 (41.7) | 875 (41.2) | 0.734 |
| Antiplatelet drugs (yes, n %) | 4472 (63.2) | 3106 (62.7) | 1366 (64.4) | 0.189 |
| Urine protein (yes, n%) | 1136 (16.1) | 805 (16.2) | 331 (15.6) | 0.517 |
| LVEF (%) | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.609 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 7.55 ± 3.03 | 7.57 ± 3.08 | 7.52 ± 2.92 | 0.51 |
| RBC (×1012/L) | 4.27 ± 0.66 | 4.27 ± 0.67 | 4.28 ± 0.65 | 0.751 |
| Hb (g/L) | 131.86 ± 22.10 | 131.78 ± 22.43 | 132.03 ± 21.31 | 0.665 |
| Plt (×109/L) | 197.41 ± 55.71 | 196.71 ± 55.98 | 199.06 ± 55.07 | 0.103 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 4.35 (1.40, 20.40) | 4.40 (1.40, 20.48) | 4.30 (1.37, 20.37) | 0.625 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 9.40 (5.90, 13.90) | 9.50 (5.90, 13.90) | 9.40 (5.90, 13.80) | 0.554 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19.48 (15.00, 27.36) | 19.61 (15.00, 27.20) | 19.20 (15.00, 27.64) | 0.964 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.87 (14.07, 33.95) | 20.77 (14.01, 34.12) | 21.00 (14.29, 33.61) | 0.643 |
| AKP (U/L) | 65.32 ± 25.69 | 64.99 ± 25.73 | 66.08 ± 25.58 | 0.104 |
| Alb (g/L) | 36.68 ± 4.96 | 36.72 ± 5.00 | 36.59 ± 4.85 | 0.337 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.95 (5.55, 9.03) | 6.98 (5.57, 9.05) | 6.88 (5.52, 8.95) | 0.524 |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 77.90 (63.90, 88.40) | 77.89 (63.60, 88.20) | 78.00 (64.70, 88.68) | 0.219 |
| Cysc (mg/L) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.33) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.34) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.32) | 0.473 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 368.00 (294.00, 456.00) | 369.00 (293.00, 453.75) | 366.00 (297.00, 462.00) | 0.388 |
| Glu (mmol/L) | 7.15 ± 3.12 | 7.16 ± 3.10 | 7.13 ± 3.15 | 0.742 |
| CtnT (ng/L) | 0.88 (0.01, 24.00) | 1.00 (0.01, 24.00) | 0.43 (0.01, 24.00) | 0.561 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 2098.00 (656.08, 3832.28) | 2075.50 (664.52, 3832.28) | 2175.50 (641.60, 3832.28) | 0.578 |
| T chol (mmol/L) | 3.85 (3.18, 4.62) | 3.85 (3.17, 4.62) | 3.84 (3.19, 4.63) | 0.495 |
| TGs (mmol/L) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.69) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.69) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.70) | 0.582 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 0.504 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.18 (1.68, 2.79) | 2.18 (1.68, 2.79) | 2.17 (1.70, 2.79) | 0.892 |
| D dimer (mg/L) | 0.45 (0.26, 1.13) | 0.45 (0.26, 1.16) | 0.44 (0.27, 1.10) | 0.301 |
| β-blocker (yes, n %) | 4506 (63.7) | 3174 (64.1) | 1332 (62.8) | 0.311 |
| CCB (yes, n %) | 1760 (24.9) | 1243 (25.1) | 517 (24.4) | 0.536 |
| Cardiac function grade, n (%) | 2.57 (0.91) | 2.57 (0.91) | 2.57 (0.90) | 0.93 |
| I | 753 (10.6) | 542 (10.9) | 211 (9.9) | 0.385 |
| II | 2843 (40.2) | 1963 (39.6) | 880 (41.5) | |
| III | 2199 (31.1) | 1553 (31.3) | 646 (30.4) | |
| IV | 1281 (18.1) | 896 (18.1) | 385 (18.1) |
Notes: Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR), as appropriate. The numbers in each cell represent subgroup counts within the training or validation set, not the total sample size of that cohort.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; ACEIs/ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, haemoglobin; Plt, platelet count; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AKP, alkaline phosphatase; Alb, albumin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, serum creatinine; Cysc, cystatin C; Glu, glucose; CtnT, cardiac troponin T; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; T chol, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.