TABLE 1.

Incidence of Early and Late Posttraumatic Seizures in Civilian Populations

Study	Feature	N	Early Seizure %	Risk Factors	Late Seizure %	Risk Factors
Jennett and Lewin (3)	Admitted	896	4.2	PTA >24h, age <5y, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage	10.2	Early seizure, PTA >24h, depressed skull fracture, intracranial hematoma
Annegers et al. (2)	Population	2747	2.1	Age <15 y, severe injury	1.9	Severe injury, early seizure
Desai et al. (4)	Admitted, pediatric	702	4.1	Age <16 y, focal neuro deficits, LOC/PTA >30 min, skull fracture, intracranial hematoma	N/A	N/A
Annegers et al. (5)	Population	4541	2.6	Not evaluated	2.1	Severe injury, brain contusion, subdural hematoma, LOC/PTA >24h
Hahn et al. (6)	Admitted, pediatric	937	9.8	GCS 3–8, diffuse cerebral edema, acute subdural hematoma	N/A	N/A
Angeleri et al. (7)	Admitted	137	8		13.1	GCS 3–8, early seizures, single brain CT lesions, EEG focus
Asikainen et al. (8)	TBI Rehab Center	490	16.3	Age <8 y	25.3	Early seizures, depressed skull fracture
Englander et al. (9)	Admitted with CT findings or GCS 3–10	647	3	N/A	10.2	Multiple or bilateral cortical contusions, dural penetration, multiple intracranial operations, midline shift >5mm, evacuated SDH

PTA, posttraumatic amnesia; LOC, loss of consciousness; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; TBI, traumatic brain injury; SDH, subdural hematoma.