Table 1.
Demographic, obstetric, anesthetic and neonatal care characteristics of patients. Values are mean (SD), median (IQR [range]) or number n (percentage).
| Vaginal delivery (n = 28) |
Cesarean delivery (n = 33) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographics | |||
| Maternal age; (years) | 33.8 ± 5.6 | 36.0 ± 5.5 | 0.13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) median (IQR [range]) | 26.3 (25.0–30.2[20.7–40.4]) | 29.4 (27.0–32.9[24.0–39.0]) | 0.008 |
| Self-reported racial group | 0.34 | ||
| Asian, n | 12 (42.9%) | 7 (21.2%) | |
| Black or African American, n | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Native American, n | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| White, n | 10 (35.7%) | 15 (45.5%) | |
| None of the above or unknown, n | 4 (14.3%) | 8 (24.2%) | |
| Other, n | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | |
| Self-reported Hispanic or Latina | 4 (14.3%) | 8 (24.2%) | 0.52 |
| Highest level of education | 0.63 | ||
| High school graduate, n | 1 (3.6%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| Some college/associate degree, n | 3 (10.7%) | 8 (24.2%) | |
| College degree, n | 5 (17.9%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| Postgraduate, n | 19 (67.9%) | 20 (60.6%) | |
| Household income per annum | 0.54 | ||
| < $25,000 | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| $25,001-$50,000 | 1 (3.6%) | 5 (15.2%) | |
| $50,001-$100,000 | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | |
| $100,001-$150,000 | 3 (10.7%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| > $150,000 | 22(78.6%) | 22 (66.7%) | |
| Not known | 0 (0%) | 1(3.0%) | |
| Obstetric characteristics | |||
| Parity | <0.0001 | ||
| Nulliparous, n | 18 (64.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Multiparous, n | 10 (35.7%) | 27 (81.8%) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.8 (2.2%) | 38.8 (0.9%) | 0.002 |
| Previous cesarean delivery, n | 0 (0%) | 22(66.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Quantitative blood loss | <0.0001 | ||
| ≤500 mL | 25 (89.3%) | 10 (30.3%) | |
| 500–1500 mL | 3 (10.7%) | 22 (66.7%) | |
| > 1500 mL | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| ASA physical status prior to delivery | 0.62 | ||
| 2, n | 27 (96.4%) | 30 (90.9%) | |
| 3, n | 1 (3.6%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| Anesthesia technique | <0.0001 | ||
| Epidural, n | 28 (100%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Spinal, n | 0 (0%) | 20 (60.6%) | |
| Combined spinal epidural, n | 0 (0%) | 12 (36.4%) | |
| General anesthesia | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| Neonatal (missing n = 2) | |||
| Neonatal intensive care, n | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1.0 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 9 (9–9[8–9]) | 9 (9–9[7–9]) | 0.068 |
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: body mass index; IQR: inter quartile range; SD: standard deviation; n: number. Values presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.