Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by BMI < 30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
| Variable | Total (n = 219) | BMI < 30 kg/m2 (n = 137) | BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n = 82) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 48 (35-56) | 48 (35-56) | 46 (36-57) |
| Female sex (%) | 148 (67.6) | 102 (74,5) | 46 (56.1) |
| Body mass index [kg/m2] | 25.2 (22.7-32.8) | 23.2 (21.2-24.9) | 34.8 (32.2-39.9) |
| Body height [cm] | 170.9 (9.2) | 170.3 (8.6) | 171.9 (10.2) |
| Body weight [kg] | 76.0 (64.3-100.3) | 66.2 (60.0-74.7) | 105.2 (97.4-117.9) |
| Waist circumference [cm] | 87.0 (77.0-106.0) | 79.0 (73.5-86.0) | 112.5 (104.0-121.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 118.6 (16.1) | 112.8 (13.6) | 128.5 (15.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 78.6 (10.8) | 74.6 (9.2) | 85.4 (9.8) |
| cfPWV Pulse wave velocity [m/s] | 7.6 (1.3) | 7.5 (1.3) | 7.9 (1.4) |
| AIx Augmentation index [%] | 20.9 (8.2) | 19.9 (8.0) | 22.5 (8.2) |
| cPP Central pulse pressure [mmHg] | 61.0 (53.0-72.5) | 60.0 (52.5-71.0) | 62.0 (53.3-74.5) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 60 (55-68) | 59 (54-68) | 63 (56-70) |
| Visceral fat [L] | 1.4 (0.7-3.4) | 0.9 (0.5-1.3) | 4.2 (2.6-6.0) |
| Total body fat [%] | 33.5 (10.3) | 28.4 (8.0) | 42.0 (7.8) |
| Fat mass index [kg/m2] | 8.5 (5.9-13.2) | 6.7 (5.3-8.3) | 15.2 (12.0-18.0) |
| Fat-free mass index [kg/m2] | 17.6 (15.6-20.4) | 15.9 (15.0-17.7) | 20.6 (18.8-22.9) |
| Triglycerides [mg/dL] | 81.0 (59.0-123.5) | 72.0 (56.0-97.0) | 113.5 (78.8-150.3) |
| LDL Cholesterol [mg/dL] | 120.0 (31.5) | 118.1 (31.2) | 123.1 (32.0) |
| HDL Cholesterol [mg/dL] | 60.0 (48.0-72.5) | 66.0 (54.0-81.0) | 51.0 (43.8-60.3) |
| Total cholesterol [mg/dL] | 186.4 (36.0) | 188.0 (36.0) | 183.9 (36.2) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never (%) | 107 (48.9) | 80 (58.4) | 27 (32.9) |
| Previous (%) | 82 (37.4) | 44 (32.1) | 38 (46.3) |
| Current (%) | 30 (13.7) | 13 (9.5) | 17 (20.7) |
| Risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) | |||
| Negative (%) | 111 (50.7) | 67 (48.9) | 44 (53.7) |
| Positive (%) | 108 (49.3) | 70 (51.1) | 38 (46.3) |
| Physical Activity (IPAQ) | |||
| High (%) | 125 (57.1) | 87 (63.5) | 38 (46.3) |
| Moderate (%) | 59 (26.9) | 37 (27.0) | 22 (26.8) |
| Low (%) | 35 (16.0) | 13 (9.5) | 22 (26.8) |
| Pre-existing diseases | |||
| Diabetes (%) | 9 (4.1) | 4 (2.9) | 5 (6.1) |
| Hypertension (%) | 58 (26.5) | 19 (13.9) | 39 (47.6) |
| Heart Failure (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
| Cardiac Infarction (%) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.2) |
| Use of anti-hypertensives (%) | 31 (14.2) | 9 (6.6) | 22 (26.8) |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| TNF-α [pg/mL] | 53.7 (22.5-65.5) | 50.6 (22.5-64.6) | 57.3 (22.8-65.6) |
| IL-6 [pg/mL] | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) | 2.1 (1.9-2.4) | 2.3 (1.9-2.5) |
| VCAM-1 [pg/mL] | 1,003,000.0 (811,196.8–2,080,775.0) | 990,335.8 (796,832.3–2,021,975.0) | 1,044,250.0 (833,224.9–2,154,400.0) |
Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation), median (25th-75th percentile) or number (%) BMI, Body mass index; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; HDL, High-density lipoprotein.