Table 4.

Training-process fidelity and AI-assessed movement quality by group.

Process indicator	AI-wushu (n = 149)	Conventional (n = 149)	Group comparison
Training adherence, % (roll-call recorded)	89.1 ± 5.0	85.4 ± 5.5	t(296) = 6.03, p < 0.001
Engagement score (1–5)	4.10 ± 0.42	3.83 ± 0.49	t(296) = 5.13, p < 0.001
Exercise self-efficacy	32.10 ± 4.00	31.47 ± 3.68	t(296) = 1.42, p = 0.156
AI movement quality—pre	71.35 ± 7.53	70.14 ± 7.51	t(296) = 1.39, p = 0.166
AI movement quality—post	78.97 ± 8.15	75.05 ± 8.11	ANCOVA-adj. Δ = 2.69, p < 0.001
AI movement quality—Δ (within-group)	+7.63 (d = 2.49)	+4.91 (d = 1.53)	both p < 0.001