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. 2026 Sep 21;13:1900404. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1900404

Table 2.

Survey results.

Survey question Description % Yes 95% CI
Q1 Is your pet a dog? 90.5 86.0–93.9
Q1 Is your pet a cat? 9.5 6.1–14.0
Q2 Does your pet have regular access to children under the age of 18? 22.6 17.2–28.7
Q3 Where does your pet usually sleep? (Indoors in bed) 52.5 45.5–59.7
Q3 Where does your pet usually sleep? (Indoors not in bed) 47.1 39.8–53.8
Q3 Where does your pet usually sleep? (Outdoors) 0.5 0.0–1.4
Q4 Do you regularly (at least weekly) kiss your pet? 71.0 64.6–76.9
Q5 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) lick you in the face? 57.5 50.7–64.1
Q6 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) lick your hands? 78.3 72.3–83.5
Q7 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) defecate inside your house, including in litterboxes or pads? 18.6 13.7–24.3
Q8 Has your pet taken an antibiotic by mouth or injection in the past 3 months? 38.5 32.0–45.2
Q9 Has your pet taken an antibiotic by mouth or injection in the past 12 months? 49.8 43.0–56.6
Q10 Have other pets in your household taken an antibiotic by mouth or injection in the past 12 months? 25.8 20.2–32.1
Q11 Has your pet been kenneled/boarded in the past 12 months? 34.8 28.6–41.5
Q12 Has your pet been hospitalized in the previous 3 months? 23.1 17.7–29.2
Q13 Has your pet been hospitalized in the previous 12 months? 27.1 21.4–33.5
Q14 Has your pet visited a human hospital in the past 12 months? 2.3 0.7–5.2
Q15 Has your pet visited a long-term care facility (nursing home) in the past 12 months? 1.8 0.5–4.6
Q16 Does your pet have regular access (at least weekly) to a stream, river, pond, or lake? 17.2 12.5–22.8
Q17 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) consume water from the toilet? 6.8 3.8–10.9
Q18 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) eat other animals’ feces? 9.0 5.6–13.6
Q19 Does your pet regularly (at least weekly) eat raw meat or a raw meat based diet? 1.8 0.5–4.6
Q20 Are you, or someone else in your household, employed in the human healthcare field or in a healthcare training program (direct patient care)? 14.0 9.7–19.3
Q21 Are you, or someone else in your household, employed in the veterinary field or in a veterinary training program (direct patient care)? 23.1 17.7–29.2
Q22 Have you, or someone else in your household, taken an antibiotic by mouth or injection in the past 3 months? 27.6 21.8–34.0
Q23 Have you, or someone else in your household, taken an antibiotic by mouth or injection in the past 12 months? 43.0 36.4–49.8
Q24 Have you, or someone else in your household, been hospitalized in the past 3 months? 4.1 1.9–7.6
Q25 Have you, or someone else in your household, been hospitalized in the past 12 months? 9.5 6.0–14.2
Q26 Have you, or someone else in your household, traveled internationally in the past 12 months? 24.0 18.5–30.2
Q27 Have any other pets or pet owners from your household participated in this study? 9.5 6.0–14.2