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Descriptive statistics for the study variables.
| Construct | N | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASCO | 218 | 21.00 | 6.00 | 0.060 | −0.542 |
| AA | 218 | 34.61 | 9.23 | 0.055 | −0.823 |
| ASE | 218 | 15.17 | 4.13 | 0.062 | −0.648 |
| AHS | 218 | 15.22 | 4.07 | −0.154 | −0.380 |
ASCO, academic social comparison orientation; AA, academic anxiety; ASE, academic self-efficacy; AHS, adaptive academic help-seeking. Descriptive statistics were computed using summed scale scores.
