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. 2026 Sep 21;16:1938496. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938496

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Copyright © 2026 Tian, Niu, Li, Guo, Liu, Wang and Maimaiti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Horizontal bar chart comparing detection frequency of resistance genes in XDR and non-XDR bacterial isolates. qacEΔ1-sul1 shows significantly higher frequency in XDR (58.3 percent) versus non-XDR (26.8 percent) with P equals 0.011. — Detection frequencies of antimicrobial resistance-associated genes and disinfectant resistance genes among XDR and non-XDR CRPA isolates. The XDR group comprised 24 isolates and the non-XDR group 56 isolates. Comparisons used two-sided Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction across the eight comparisons shown. For qacEΔ1-sul1, OR 3.83 (95% CI 1.40–10.45), unadjusted P = 0.011, q = 0.088. CRPA, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; XDR, extensively drug-resistant.