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. 2026 Sep 4;20(1):wrag230. doi: 10.1093/ismejo/wrag230

Figure 4.

Box plots quantifying stilbene glucosides, aglucones, and ribosylated derivatives in C. radians and C. ipidophilum after incubation with isorhapontin and piceid, alongside a proposed metabolic pathway showing hydrolysis followed by ribosylation.

Biotransformation of stilbene glucosides by C. radians and C. ipidophilum. (a and b) quantification of stilbene glucosides, aglucones, and ribosylated derivatives in the fungal biomass of C. radians after 4 days of incubation with the glucosides isorhapontin (a) and piceid (b) (n = 5). (c and d) Quantification of stilbene metabolites in the fungal biomass of C. ipidophilum after 4 days of incubation with isorhapontin (c) and piceid (d) (n = 5). The amounts of E- and Z- isomers were combined, e.g. compound 2a represents the combined quantity of E-2a and Z-2a. Box plots represent the range of 25 to 75%, with center lines indicating median values and whiskers extending to 1 time the interquartile range. (e) Proposed metabolic pathway illustrating the hydrolysis of stilbene glucosides (isorhapontin and piceid) to their corresponding aglucones, followed by ribosylation. Statistical significance among treatments was assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD tests in a–d (P < .05). Lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences.