| HCM prediction | Zhang et al. (2025) evidence | Consistency |
|---|---|---|
| Composite indices (integrating multiple levels) outperform single biomarkers | The MRS, a composite of 151 CpGs, predicted progression independently of age, sex, APOE4, education, diagnosis, and MMSE. The MRS outperformed individual CpGs in predictive validity. | Supported – The composite epigenetic index (MRS) provided incremental predictive value beyond traditional clinical and genetic variables. |
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