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. 2026 Sep 22;13:1949200. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1949200

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Copyright © 2026 Guo, Lin, Li, Zhang, Sun, Fan, Abdurazzak, Wang, Gao, Kong, Jiang, Wang, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart illustrating a systematic review process: 2,581 records identified from four databases, 787 duplicates excluded, 1,794 screened, 1,770 excluded for irrelevance, 24 reports assessed, 17 excluded for various reasons, resulting in seven eligible meta-analyses with 21 associations. — Flow diagram of the study selection process.