Table 2.
Summary of associations between soy-based interventions and plasma lipid profiles in postmenopausal women.
| References | Intervention | Control | Outcomes | No. of studies | Effect metric | Summary effects (95% CI) | I2 (%) | GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeung, et al, (32) | Mixed (isoflavones, isolated soy protein) | Placebo | TC | 13 | RD | −0.05 (−0.20, 0.10) mmol/L | – | High |
| Zhan, et al, (33)a | Soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | TC | 9 | WMD | −0.13 (−0.25, 0.00) mmol/L | – | High |
| Zhan, et al, (33)b | Soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | TC | 6 | WMD | −0.12 (−0.29, 0.05) mmol/L | – | High |
| Taku, et al, (31)c | Soy isoflavones | Placebo | LDL-C | 9 | WMD | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.16) mmol/L | 22 | Moderate |
| Moradi, et al, (34) | Soy product | Placebo | TG | 49 | WMD | −0.06 (−0.11, 0.00) mmol/L | 91 | Moderate |
| Soy product | Placebo | TC | 41 | WMD | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.01) mmol/L | 92 | Moderate | |
| Soy product | Placebo | LDL-C | 49 | WMD | −0.08 (−0.16, −0.01) mmol/L | 90 | Moderate | |
| Soy product | Placebo | HDL-C | 21 | WMD | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.01) mmol/L | 95 | Moderate | |
| Soy product | Placebo | Apo A-1 | 5 | WMD | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.04) g/L | 59 | Low | |
| Soy product | Placebo | Apo B | 5 | WMD | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.03) g/L | 94 | Low | |
| Bara'nska, et al, (28) | Soy isoflavone extracts and soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | TC | 28 | MD | −0.12 (−0.21, −0.03) mmol/L | 33 | Moderate |
| Soy isoflavone extracts and soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | LDL-C | 27 | MD | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) mmol/L | 5 | High | |
| Soy isoflavone extracts and soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | TAG | 28 | MD | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.00) mmol/L | 49 | High | |
| Soy isoflavone extracts and soy protein containing isoflavones | Control | HDL-C | 29 | MD | 0.03 (0.00, 0.05) mmol/L | 19 | High | |
| Qi, et al, (30) | Unfermented soy product consumption | Control | TC | 29 | MD | −0.25 (−0.39, −0.10) mmol/L | 87 | Moderate |
| Unfermented soy product consumption | Control | LDL–C | 29 | MD | −0.12 (−0.28, 0.05) mmol/L | 92 | Moderate | |
| Unfermented soy product consumption | Control | HDL-C | 27 | MD | 0.06 (0.02, 0.10) mmol/L | 97 | Moderate | |
| Unfermented soy product consumption | Control | TG | 27 | MD | −0.12 (−0.22, −0.02) mmol/L | 88 | Moderate | |
| Park, et al (29)c | Soy isoflavone | Placebo | TC | 36 | SMD | −0.10 (−0.19, −0.01) | 45 | Moderate |
| Soy isoflavone | Placebo | TG | 35 | SMD | −0.17 (−0.32, −0.01) | 67 | Very low | |
| Soy isoflavone | Placebo | LDL-C | 35 | SMD | −0.11 (−0.21, −0.01) | 49 | Moderate |
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MD, mean difference; RD, risk difference; SMD, standardized mean difference; TAG, triacylglycerol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides. aOnly postmenopausal; bPostmenopausal with high lipid; cPopulation includes postmenopausal and perimenopausal women. Bold values indicate statistically significant effect estimates for which the 95% confidence interval does not include the null value of 0.