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. 2026 Sep 22;14:1955306. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1955306

Figure 2.

Two line graphs compare adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for ulcerative colitis (UC) with total physical activity in milligravity (left, significant nonlinear relationship, p = 0.0018) and moderate to vigorous activity in minutes per week (right, non-significant nonlinear relationship, p = 0.6508). Both depict a blue line with shaded confidence intervals and a red dashed reference line at HR 1.0.

Restricted cubic spline for the association between accelerometer-measured average total volume, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activities and the risk of UC incidence. All adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Townsend Deprivation Index, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and pre-existing chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease), non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use, antibiotics use, and, among female participants, use of oral contraception, menopausal status, hormone therapy and parity. The solid line is the estimate (HR) and the shaded area is the 95% CI. HR indicates hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; UC, ulcerative colitis.