Table 2.

Risk Factor Analysis.

Risk factors	SNPs	Causal effects of MASH on risk factors by IVW		Heterogeneity		Pleiotropy
	n	95% CI	p-Value	Q-statistic	p-Value	MR-Egger intercept	p-Value
BMI	39	−0.018 (−0.033 to 0.012)	0.455	525.133	<0.001	0.006	0.233
Total cholesterol	37	−0.009 (−0.021 to 0.023)	0.877	359.228	<0.001	0.015	0.412
Total triglycerides	41	0.010 (−0.028 to 0.045)	0.651	879.254	<0.001	0.011	0.597
T2DM	25	0.101 (−0.025 to 0.223)	0.173	225.293	<0.001	0.009	0.237
Insulin resistance	33	0.028 (0.017 to 0.045)	0.006	189.476	<0.001	0.004	0.629
Alcohol consumption	39	−0.006 (−0.019 to 0.010)	0.726	285.991	<0.001	0.003	0.256
Tobacco smoking	40	0.008 (−0.012 to 0.014)	0.318	192.123	<0.001	0.008	0.365

BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW: inverse variance–weighted; MASH: metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis; MR: Mendelian randomization; T2DM: type 2 diabetes.