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. 2026 Jul 3;9(5):1198–1206. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2026-0107

Table 3.

Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses for Overall Survival.

Variables Overall survival
HR (95% CI)* AIC p-Value
Preoperative GPS 1679.1 0.34
0 1
1 1.19 (0.79-1.78)
2 1.43 (0.87-2.33)
Preoperative NUn score (trichotomous) 1673.0 0.016†
Low (≤5.60) 1
Intermediate (>5.60 to ≤7.12) 1.37 (0.88-2.12)
High (>7.12) 2.06 (1.24-3.41)
Preoperative NUn score (continuous) 1674.1 0.022†
+1-unit 1.15 (1.02-1.29)

AIC: Akaike information criterion; ASA-PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; CI: confidence interval; GPS: Glasgow prognostic score; HR: hazard ratio; NUn: Noble and Underwood.

*Adjusted with age (≥70 years), gender, ASA-PS (3), tumor location, prior stoma creation, prior bridge-to-surgery intervention, emergency surgery, minimally invasive approach, adjuvant chemotherapy, tumor depth (T3-4), nodal status, lymphovascular involvement, and preoperative tumor marker positivity.

†p < 0.05.