Table 3.
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Depression in Men.
| Characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 20-29 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 30-39 | 0.84 (0.58-1.22) | 0.73 (0.48-1.11) | 0.72 (0.46-1.14) | |
| 40-49 | 1.03 (0.73-1.46) | 1.02 (0.69-1.50) | 0.85 (0.56-1.31) | |
| ≥50 | 1.09 (0.76-1.56) | 1.20 (0.80-1.80) | 0.87 (0.55-1.38) | |
| Electronic device use at work (hours per day) | ||||
| <4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 4-7 | 1.15 (0.90-1.48) | 1.10 (0.84-1.45) | 1.12 (0.83-1.50) | |
| ≥7 | 1.08 (0.79-1.47) | 1.01 (0.72-1.41) | 1.04 (0.72-1.51) | |
| Internet use in private life (hours per day) | ||||
| <2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 2-4 | 1.26 (1.01-1.57) | 1.36 (1.07-1.74) | 1.28 (0.98-1.68) | |
| ≥4 | 1.62 (1.06-2.49) | 1.89 (1.17-3.08) | 1.83 (1.08-3.10) | |
| Job class | ||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | 0.87 (0.66-1.15) | 0.84 (0.62-1.14) | 0.86 (0.62-1.19) | |
| High | 0.60 (0.42-0.84) | 0.58 (0.40-0.84) | 0.61 (0.41-0.90) | |
| Overtime (hours per month) | ||||
| <30 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 30-45 | 0.95 (0.71-1.28) | 0.73 (0.53-1.00) | 0.70 (0.49-0.99) | |
| ≥45 | 0.99 (0.67-1.45) | 0.81 (0.54-1.23) | 0.85 (0.55-1.33) | |
| Job control | ||||
| High | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | 1.72 (1.31-2.27) | 1.66 (1.23-2.23) | 1.87 (1.35-2.59) | |
| Low | 2.89 (2.19-3.80) | 2.82 (2.09-3.80) | 2.93 (2.11-4.07) | |
| Job demands | ||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | 2.07 (1.62-2.65) | 1.37 (1.04-1.79) | 1.52 (1.13-2.04) | |
| High | 3.45 (2.59-4.59) | 1.55 (1.12-2.16) | 1.67 (1.17-2.39) | |
| Support at work | ||||
| High | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | 1.39 (1.05-1.86) | 1.22 (0.89-1.65) | 1.30 (0.93-1.82) | |
| Low | 2.34 (1.76-3.12) | 1.88 (1.38-2.56) | 1.92 (1.37-2.69) | |
| Married | ||||
| No | NA | 1.74 (1.29-2.34) | 1.52 (1.10-2.09) | |
| Caregiving | ||||
| Yes | NA | 1.07 (0.80-1.43) | 1.02 (0.75-1.40) | |
| Work-to-family conflict | ||||
| Low | NA | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | NA | 2.33 (1.68-3.23) | 2.10 (1.48-2.99) | |
| High | NA | 5.97 (4.15-8.59) | 4.67 (3.14-6.94) | |
| Family-to-work conflict | ||||
| Low | NA | Ref | Ref | |
| Intermediate | NA | 1.36 (1.01-1.82) | 1.32 (0.96-1.81) | |
| High | NA | 2.82 (2.10-3.80) | 2.49 (1.80-3.44) | |
| Heavy drinking | ||||
| Yes | NA | NA | 0.96 (0.60-1.53) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | NA | NA | 0.99 (0.72-1.36) | |
| Longstanding illness | ||||
| Yes | NA | NA | 1.35 (1.03-1.76) | |
| Poor sleep quality | ||||
| Yes | NA | NA | 4.58 (3.51-5.97) | |
| Sleep duration (hours per day) | ||||
| <6 | NA | NA | 0.71 (0.52-0.95) | |
| 6-9 | NA | NA | 1.00 | |
| ≥9 | NA | NA | 1.38 (0.37-5.21) | |
Notes: Correlations were evaluated simultaneously using multiple logistic regressions and expressed as ORs with 95% CIs; Model 1 is adjusted for age, internet use, and working environments; Model 2 is adjusted for age, internet use, working environments, and household characteristics (marital status, primary caregiver status, and work-family conflict); Model 3 is adjusted for age, internet use, working environments, household characteristics, and health risk behaviors and health status.
CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio.
Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are shown in bold.