Table 3. Heterogeneous catalysis.
| Entry | Catalyst, mol% | Reusability | Medium | T, °C | Time | Yield, % | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fe(HSO4)3 (5) | Yes (5) | CH3CN, reflux | 85 | 20 h | 47–74 | 48 |
| S-F M.W. | 85 | 25–80 min | 74–97 | ||||
| 450 W | 5–14 min | 84–97 | |||||
| 2 | NKC-9 (0.17 g) | Yes (4) | CHCl3, Reflux | 85 | 3–10 h | 82–96 | 44 |
| 3 | (PBS) (0.04 g) | Yes (5) | S-F | 120 | 4–9 min | 85–95 | 58 |
| 4 | AgI (0.3 g) | Yes (6) | S-F | 110 | 3–20 min | 80–95 | 59 |
| 5 | OPec-Mel-SA (7.36) | Yes (5) | S-F | 90 | 20–60 min | 85–97 | 29 |
| 6 | (Fe3O4@RHA@MEL-SO3H (0.011 g) | Yes (9) | S-F | 118 | 3–42 min | 85–92 | 30 |
| 7 | Fe3O4@SiO2/APTES-Schiff bases of Cu (40 mg) | Yes (6) | Ultrasonic conditions | 25 | 25–30 min | 88–96 | 31 |
| 8 | KCC-1/ECH-Meg/Cd(ii) (0.025 g) | Yes (5) | S-F | 100 | 2–10 | 85–97 | 113 |
| 9 | CuFe2O4/KCC-1/PMA (0.03 g) | Yes (5) | S-F | 80 | 2–13 | 82–95 | 114 |
| 10 | M-MnO2 NW/KCC-1/PMA (0.008 g) | Yes (5) | S-F | 80 | 2–13 | 82–95 | 115 |