Fig. 12.

VB-85387 reduces NF-κB signaling in HFD-fed STAM mice. Liver tissue was used for all analyses. A: Phosphorylation levels of the p65 NF-κB subunit measured by western blotting. B: Relative pp65 levels calculated using ImageJ software (n = 3), with raw pp65 densitometry values normalized to total p65. C: Phosphorylated IκBα levels measured by ELISA (n = 8), with total IκBα levels used as baseline controls. D: Relative mRNA expression of Tnfα. E: Relative mRNA expression of Il-1β. F: Relative mRNA expression of Ifnβ. Gapdh mRNA expression was used as a control (n = 8). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗P ≤ 0.01; ∗∗P ≤ 0.001; ∗∗∗P ≤ 0.0001; ∗∗∗∗P ≤ 0.00001. NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; HFD, high-fat diet; STAM, stelic animal model; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Il-1β, interleukin-1β; Ifnβ, interferon