Table 2.

Representative evidence for multimodal and AI-assisted epilepsy prediction tasks.

Study	Task	n	Input data	Model	Validation	Reported metric
Yang et al. (11)	ASM response	101	Clinical + EEG	1D-CNN	Split sample + 10-fold CV	AUC 0.81; validation accuracy 0.84
Wang et al. (17)	ASM response in TSC	300	T2WI + FLAIR + clinical	WAE-Net	Independent test cohort	AUC 0.908
Zhao et al. (18)	ASM response in TSC	103	Clinical + genetic + MRI + CT + EEG	MLP	Internal validation	AUC 0.812
Yang et al. (20)	Early DRE identification	134	MRI radiomics + clinical	ResNet-18 + GBDT	Internal validation	AUC 0.95
Zhang et al. (34)	FCD localization	65	T1-MPRAGE	3D nnU-Net	Internal test set	Dice 0.57
Luckett et al. (38)	TLE lateralization	32	rs-fMRI	3D CNN	Patient-level testing	Accuracy 0.906
Xiao et al. (40)	EZ localization	15	sEEG + DTI	ST-CANe	Internal validation	Dice 0.9565
Tang et al. (81)	Surgical outcome	141	MRI + PET + CT	ResNet-34 + multi-kernel SVM	Internal validation	AUC 0.952; accuracy 0.9149