Table 2.

Summary of studies on relationship between InterSC and chronic stress level.

Literature	Sample size	Self-construal measurement	Index of chronic stress response	Main results
Cross (1995)	East Asian students (n = 71) American students (n = 79)	Ego-tasks	PSS	Among East Asian students, individuals with high InterSC perceived more stress.
Burt et al. (2018)	n = 316	SCS	CAR	InterSC was positively correlated with CAR in first generation Asian American students but not the second generation.
Hu et al. (2018)	Study 1 (n = 295) Study 2 (n = 46)	SCS	Study 1: DSI Study 2: CAR	Study 1: InterSC is positively correlated with DSI scores. Study 2: The CAR AUCi in high InterSC group is significantly higher than that in low InterSC group.
Talavera et al. (2019)	n = 176	SCS	PSS	Among women from ethnic minority groups, lower IndeSC was associated with greater perceived stress.
Luo et al. (2024)	n = 73	SCS	HCC	InterSC positively correlates with HCC, with social anxiety mediating this association.

SCS, self-construal scale; CAR, cortisol awakening response; PSS, perceived stress scale; DSI, daily stress inventory; HCC, hair cortisol concentration.