Table 2.

Three traditions of metacognition in schizophrenia research.

Feature	Integrative metacognition	Cognitive biases	Metacognitive monitoring
Core construct	Integrated representations of self and others used to address psychosocial challenges	Systematic biases in evidence gathering and belief evaluation	Accuracy of confidence in one’s own cognitive performance
Representative measure	MAS-A, coded from the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview narrative (23)	Beads task; Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (24)	Confidence–accuracy calibration; feeling-of-knowing tasks (11)
Level of analysis	Holistic narrative integration	Discrete decision parameters	Trial-by-trial monitoring
Relation to insight	Robust, theoretically central	Growing but heterogeneous	Limited and indirect