Figure 2.

Persistent glial dysregulation accompanies hyperlocomotion and cognitive deficits four weeks post juvenile H1N1 infection.

(A) Schematic illustration of experimental timeline. Mice were intratracheally inoculated at P14 with PBS or H1N1, and endpoint analyses were performed at P42, 4 weeks post-infection (WPI).

(B) Schematic illustration of the open field to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotion.

(C) Schematic illustration of the novel object recognition task (NORT) of attention and short-term memory. Mice are introduced to two identical objects and tested 5 minutes after for attention by switching one of the objects with a novel object. Novel preference is defined as the percentage of time spent interacting with the novel object relative to total time spent interacting with either object.

(D) Time spent in center of the open field over 10-minute testing period. Open field performed 4 weeks post-infection. n = 13 control, n = 17 H1N1 mice.

(E) Total distance moved in the open field over 10-minute testing period. Open field performed 4 weeks post-infection. n = 14 control, n = 17 H1N1 mice.

(F) Novel preference for NORT performed 4 weeks post-infection. n = 16 control, n = 12 H1N1 mice.

(G) Quantification of white matter reactive microglia (IBA1⁺CD68⁺) 4 weeks post-infection in the cingulum. n = 7 mice per group.

(H) Quantification of white matter mature oligodendrocytes (ASPA⁺) 4 weeks post-infection in the cingulum. n = 7 mice per group.

(I) Schematic illustration of experimental timeline. Myrf^OPC−/− and Myrf-wild-type control were injected with tamoxifen (i.p.) for four consecutive days starting at P14. Behavioral analyses were performed at P42, 4 weeks post-injection.

(J) Total distance moved in the open field over 10-minute testing period. Open field performed at P42, 4 weeks post-injection. n = 7 control, n = 6 Myrf^OPC−/− mice.

(K) Novel preference for NORT performed at P42, 4 weeks post-injection. n = 7 control, n = 6 Myrf^OPC−/− mice.

(L) Time spent in center of the open field over 10-minute testing period. Open field performed at P42, 4 weeks post-injection. n = 7 control, n = 6 Myrf^OPC−/− mice.

Data shown as mean ± SEM; each dot represents an individual mouse. ns: p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, analyzed via (E-G, and J) unpaired two-tailed t-test or (D, H, K, and L) Mann-Whitney U test for datasets that failed the Shapiro-Wilk test.