Extended Data Fig. 11. Resection and treatment shape glioma CSF injury, leakage and meta-program activity.

(a) Schematic of the resection-anchored longitudinal design; samples grouped as pre-operative (Pre, n = 22), early post-operative (Early, n = 20) and delayed post-operative (Delayed, n = 11) relative to tumour resection. (b) Overview of samples with respect to days from resection. (c) Relative frequency of CSF sampling compartment (resection cavity, subarachnoid, ventricle) across resection epochs. (d) Mean z scores across resection epochs for meta-programs (MP1–MP13), the injury–homeostasis axis score, C5 and NRCAM markers, and plasma-ingress and frank-blood signatures. Rows are hierarchically clustered (Euclidean distances); side bar shows FDR for the epoch effect per feature. (e) Axis-score (z) distributions across resection epochs. Boxes show median and interquartile range with whiskers to 1.5× IQR; points are individual samples and lines connect paired samples. (f) Schematic of the treatment-state analysis spanning primary, adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), post-chemoradiation and recurrent disease. (g) Treatment-state map of the same 18 features using therapy-state–standardized z scores; row clustering and FDR side bar as in (d). (h) Axis-score (z) distributions across the four treatment states (primary, n = 53; adjuvant TMZ, n = 4; post-chemoradiation, n = 5; recurrent, n = 37); box plot as in (e).