Table 2.

Block technique, objective assessment, and rescue pathway.

Variable	Level	Overall (N = 130)	ROP (n = 68)	ROP + HYD (n = 62)	p-value
Brachial plexus block approach	Interscalene	116 (89.2%)	63 (92.6%)	53 (85.5%)	0.188
	Supraclavicular	14 (10.8%)	5 (7.4%)	9 (14.5%)
Combined superficial cervical plexus block	0	26 (20.0%)	17 (25.0%)	9 (14.5%)	0.136
	1	104 (80.0%)	51 (75.0%)	53 (85.5%)
Other combined block	None	120 (92.3%)	66 (97.1%)	54 (87.1%)	0.047
	T2 paravertebral field supplementation	10 (7.7%)	2 (2.9%)	8 (12.9%)
Needle type	21G × 50 mm echogenic	17 (13.1%)	9 (13.2%)	8 (12.9%)	0.346
	21G × 80 mm echogenic	3 (2.3%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.8%)
	22G × 50 mm echogenic	99 (76.2%)	54 (79.4%)	45 (72.6%)
	22G × 80 mm echogenic	11 (8.5%)	5 (7.4%)	6 (9.7%)
Block onset time, min		14.4 (4.1)	14.3 (3.9)	14.5 (4.2)	0.771
Sensory score at 30 min	1	14 (10.8%)	8 (11.8%)	6 (9.7%)	0.701
	2	116 (89.2%)	60 (88.2%)	56 (90.3%)
Motor score at 30 min	1	9 (6.9%)	6 (8.8%)	3 (4.8%)	0.627
	2	64 (49.2%)	34 (50.0%)	30 (48.4%)
	3	57 (43.8%)	28 (41.2%)	29 (46.8%)
Initial complete block at 30 min	0	14 (10.8%)	8 (11.8%)	6 (9.7%)	0.701
	1	116 (89.2%)	60 (88.2%)	56 (90.3%)
Delayed completion before incision	0	124 (95.4%)	64 (94.1%)	60 (96.8%)	0.682
	1	6 (4.6%)	4 (5.9%)	2 (3.2%)
Supplemental block	0	120 (92.3%)	62 (91.2%)	58 (93.5%)	0.747
	1	10 (7.7%)	6 (8.8%)	4 (6.5%)
IV rescue analgesia for incision	0	126 (96.9%)	65 (95.6%)	61 (98.4%)	0.621
	1	4 (3.1%)	3 (4.4%)	1 (1.6%)
Completion pathway	Delayed complete block before incision	6 (4.6%)	4 (5.9%)	2 (3.2%)	0.949
	Initial complete block	116 (89.2%)	60 (88.2%)	56 (90.3%)
	IV rescue then regional anesthesia completion	2 (1.5%)	1 (1.5%)	1 (1.6%)
	Supplemental block then success	6 (4.6%)	3 (4.4%)	3 (4.8%)
Surgical anesthesia success	1	130 (100.0%)	68 (100.0%)	62 (100.0%)	NA
Conversion to general anesthesia	0	130 (100.0%)	68 (100.0%)	62 (100.0%)	NA

Sensory score: 0 = no loss, 1 = reduced, 2 = absent cold/pinprick. Motor score: 0 = no block, 1 = mild, 2 = marked, 3 = complete.