Table 3.

Primary 12-h analgesia success effect measures.

Measure	Estimate	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	p-value
Control event rate	0.38	0.28	0.50	NA
Hydromorphone event rate	0.63	0.50	0.74	NA
Absolute risk difference	0.25	0.07	0.40	0.005
Risk ratio	1.65	1.15	2.35	0.005
Odds ratio	2.74	1.35	5.57	0.005
Number needed to treat	4.05	2.51	13.40	NA

Analgesia success was resting VAS ≤3. The number needed to treat was 4.1 (95% CI 2.5–13.4).