Kinetics of CXCL8/IL-8 secretion from NHBE (A), U1752 (B), and A549 (C) lung epithelial cells after influenza A virus infection. Supernatants of noninfected control cells (Co.) and A/PR/8/34-infected (MOI, 2) cells were collected at the indicated time points and analyzed by ELISA. Values are the means ± standard deviations of triplicate incubations. (D) Influence of recombinant MIF (500 and 1,000 ng/ml) and MIF inhibitor (ISO-1; 10 μM) on the release of CXCL8/IL-8 in control and virus-infected A549 cells. Recombinant MIF (500 and 1,000 ng/ml) or MIF inhibitor ISO-1 (2,350 ng/ml [10 μM]) was added 1 h after infection. The supernatants were measured for CXCL8/IL-8 at 24 and 48 h.