Alteration of tRNAin protease-negative HIV-1 as a result of overexpression of tRNA. Protease-negative viruses were produced from COS7 cells transfected with BH10.P(−) or BH10.P(−)Lys3. (A) 2D-PAGE analysis of low-molecular-weight viral RNA. Total viral RNA was 3′ end labeled with [32P]pCp and then electrophoresed. Conditions for 2D-PAGE and labeling of spots is as described in Fig. 2A. (B) Western blots of viral lysates, probed with anti-CA and anti-RT. The results, quantitated by phosphorimaging, are listed in panel C as the GagPol/Gag ratios. (C) Incorporation of tRNALys into HIV-1. Dot blots of viral RNA were hybridized with DNA probes complementary to tRNAalone, to tRNALys (both tRNAand tRNA), and to viral genomic RNA. The results were quantitated by phosphorimaging, and the tRNA/genomic RNA or tRNALys/genomic RNA ratios are listed in panel C.