Table I.
Participants’ Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics of CES-D, SF-36, and LSNS Across Groups
| CES-D scores
|
SF-36 Scores
|
LSNS Scores
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n | % | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD |
| Total | 146 | 9.5 | 7.3 | 73.6 | 19.2 | 9.0 | 3.5 | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 67 | 45.9 | 9.1 | 7.0 | 73.0 | 19.3 | 9.4 | 3.5 |
| Female | 79 | 54.1 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 74.2 | 19.3 | 8.7 | 3.4 |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 29–39 | 5 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 73.7 | 15.5 | 10.0 | 4.2 |
| 40–49 | 23 | 15.8 | 9.4 | 5.4 | 78.2 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 3.4 |
| 50–59 | 41 | 28.1 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 78.0 | 17.0 | 9.3 | 3.9 |
| 60–69 | 37 | 25.3 | 9.2 | 6.8 | 70.9 | 21.7 | 7.9 | 2.8 |
| 70 and over | 40 | 27.4 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 69.2 | 22.0 | 9.6 | 3.4 |
| Education group | ||||||||
| Non-high school graduate | 39 | 26.7 | 12.1a | 9.4 | 68.5 | 21.5 | 9.2 | 3.9 |
| High school graduate | 70 | 47.9 | 8.0b | 5.7 | 76.4 | 18.1 | 8.7 | 3.2 |
| Some college/tech training | 23 | 15.8 | 10.7c | 7.4 | 73.7 | 18.2 | 9.0 | 3.4 |
| College graduate | 10 | 6.8 | 7.7b | 4.5 | 74.8 | 18.1 | 11.0 | 3.6 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hawaiian/part–Hawaiian | 59 | 40.4 | 10.6 | 6.9 | 76.2 | 15.5 | 8.6 | 3.5 |
| Filipino American | 25 | 17.1 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 65.8 | 23.3 | 9.9 | 3.7 |
| Japanese American | 21 | 14.4 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 78.4 | 20.5 | 8.6 | 2.5 |
| Caucasian | 10 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 77.6 | 24.4 | 7.5 | 2.3 |
| Mixed ethnicity | 31 | 21.2 | 9.3 | 6.1 | 70.3 | 18.0 | 10.2 | 3.8 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Never married | 18 | 12.3 | 7.2a | 5.2 | 75.8 | 19.0 | 9.1 | 4.0 |
| Currently married | 94 | 64.4 | 8.3a | 6.4 | 74.8 | 18.2 | 9.0 | 3.4 |
| Disrupted marital status | 34 | 23.4 | 14.0b | 8.7 | 69.4 | 21.8 | 9.2 | 3.4 |
| Diabetes diagnosis history | ||||||||
| Knowledge of diabetes | 68 | 46.6 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 74.2 | 19.3 | 9.2 | 3.4 |
| No knowledge of diabetes | 78 | 53.4 | 9.5 | 6.6 | 73.0 | 19.3 | 8.9 | 3.6 |
| Social support | ||||||||
| High | 91 | 64.5 | 8.5a | 7.1 | 75.4 | 19.3 | 6.9a | 1.2 |
| Low | 50 | 35.5 | 11.3b | 7.3 | 70.5 | 18.8 | 13.0b | 2.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | ||||||||
| Low HbA1c <7% | 71 | 48.6 | 8.6 | 6.6 | 73.8 | 19.7 | 9.4 | 3.5 |
| Moderate HbA1c 7–9% | 46 | 31.5 | 10.3 | 7.7 | 71.9 | 18.9 | 9.0 | 3.8 |
| High HbA1c >9.0% | 29 | 19.9 | 9.5 | 8.1 | 76.4 | 19.1 | 8.3 | 2.6 |
| BMI | ||||||||
| ≥30 | 75 | 51.4 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 76.4 | 22.0 | 9.0 | 3.5 |
| <30 | 63 | 43.2 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 71.0 | 15.6 | 9.3 | 3.3 |
| WHR | ||||||||
| Women ≥0.9 | 54 | 70.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 72.6 | 20.3 | 9.1 | 3.7 |
| <0.9 | 23 | 29.9 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 77.9 | 16.8 | 8.0 | 2.6 |
| Men ≥0.8 | 62 | 96.9 | 9.3 | 7.1 | 72.9 | 19.4 | 9.4 | 3.4 |
| <0.8 | 2 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 77.2 | 17.3 | 12.0 | 8.5 |
Note. Means with different subscripts differ significantly at p < .05 by Tukey’s β significant difference comparison. N = 141 for all ANOVA analysis due to missing data, except for BMI and WHR. N = 134 for BMI and WHR was N = 77 for women and N = 64 for men. CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale; SF-36 = SF-36 Health Survey; and LSNS = Lubben Social Network Scale.