Table 3.
Cox Regression Analysis of Sex Differences in Achieving Favorable Outcomes 6 Months After Stroke, Kansas City Stroke Study, 1995–1998
| Factor | Hazards Ratioa (95% Confidence Interval) | P |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Outcome: Barthel Index of basic ADLb ≥95 | ||
|
| ||
| Female sex | 0.91 (0.66-1.25) | .55 |
| Age (years) | 0.96 (0.95-0.98) | <.001 |
| Prestroke physical function | 1.02 (1.01-1.02) | <.001 |
| Stroke severity (NIHSS) | 0.75 (0.71-0.79) | <.001 |
| Depressive status | 0.60 (0.42-0.86) | .005 |
|
| ||
| Outcome: Completion of eight of nine IADLb without assistance | ||
|
| ||
| Female sex | 0.51 (0.32-0.79) | .002 |
| Age (years) | 0.97 (0.95-0.99) | .001 |
| Prestroke physical function | 1.03 (1.02-1.04) | <.001 |
| Stroke severity (NIHSS) | 0.76 (0.70-0.83) | <.001 |
| Depressive status | 0.58 (0.34-0.99) | .04 |
|
| ||
| Outcome: SF-36 Health Survey physical functioning scale ≥90 | ||
|
| ||
| Female sex | 0.79 (0.40-1.57) | .51 |
| Age (years) | 0.97 (0.94-1.00) | .05 |
| Prestroke physical function | 1.07 (1.04-1.10) | <.001 |
| Stroke severity (NIHSS) | 0.80 (0.70-0.90) | <.001 |
| Depressive status | 0.15 (0.03-0.62) | .01 |
a
Estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression while adjusting for other factors in the model. Factors removed from the models due to statistical insignificance are medical comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, and unknown depressive status (i.e., unscored Geriatric Depression Scale). Prestroke physical function and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were treated as continuous variables.
b
ADL indicates activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.