Table 2.
Causes of ENI in included studies.
| Reasons for interruption | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | ① | ② | ③ | ④ | ⑤ | ⑥ | ⑦ | ⑧ | ⑨ |
| Arunkumar et al. (41) | 615 (66.3%) | 86 (9.3%) | – | 139 (15.0%) | – | – | 83 (8.9%) | – | – |
| Davies et al. (25) | 780 (41.7%) | – | – | 481 (36.0%) | – | – | 307 (16.4%) | 504 (26.9%) | – |
| Erika et al. (6) | 22 (16.79%) | – | – | 46 (35.11%) | 26 (19.85%) | 4 (3.05%) | 11 (8.39%) | 21 (16.03%) | 1 (0.76%) |
| Zheng et al. (21) | – | – | – | 157 (22.3%) | – | – | 359 (50.9%) | – | 189 (26.8%) |
| Uozumi et al. (38) | 125 (22%) | 136 (24%) | – | 79 (14%) | – | – | 28 (5%) | 11 (2%) | 166 (29%) |
| Peev et al. (20) | 52 (49.06%) | 10 (9.43%) | – | 10 (9.43%) | – | – | 16 (15.09%) | 20 (20.75%) | 6 (5.66%) |
| Van Nieuwkoop et al. (27) | 18 (15.65%) | 1 (0.87%) | – | 20 (17.39%) | 1 (0.87%) | 16 (13.91%) | 32 (27.83%) | 7 (6.09%) | 16 (13.97%) |
| Morgan et al. (33) | – | – | – | 24 (10.81%) | – | 18 (8.11%) | 33 (14.86%) | 91 (40.99%) | 56 (25.23%) |
| Daphnee et al. (23) | 345 (40.25%) | 48 (5.6%) | 47 (5.48%) | 206 (24.03%) | – | – | 73 (8.51%) | 84 (9.79%) | 16 (1.86%) |
| Onuk et al. (26) | – | – | – | 104 (31.2%) | 32 (9.6%) | 49 (14.7%) | 91 (27.2%) | 37 (11.1%) | – |
| Rice et al. (50) | 27 (15%) | 73 (41%) | – | 18 (10%) | 11 (6%) | 5 (3%) | – | – | 45 (25%) |
| Yip et al. (31) | 32 (45.1%) | – | – | 33 (46.48%) | – | 4 (5.6%) | – | – | – |
| Lee et al. (47) | 90 (27.11%) | 70 (21.08%) | 26 (7.83%) | 26 (7.83%) | 2 (0.6%) | 3 (0.9%) | 38 (11.45%) | 15 (4.52%) | 42 (12.65%) |
| Zuo et al. (12) | 8 (6%) | 5 (4%) | 32 (23%) | 21 (15%) | – | 8 (6%) | 45 (33%) | 4 (3%) | 15 (11%) |
| Studies reporting (n) | 11 | 8 | 3 | 14 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| Median incidence (IQR), % | 27.1 (16.2–43.4) | 9.4 (5.2–21.8) | 7.8 (6.7–15.4) | 16.2 (11.6–29.4) | 6.0 (0.9–9.6) | 5.8 (3.0–9.6) | 15.0 (8.8–27.4) | 10.4 (4.9–19.6) | 13.3 (7.0–25.2) |
① Procedures during ICU stay: airway management procedures. ② Procedures during icu stay: bedside diagnostic & therapeutic procedures. ③ Procedures during icu stay: medical care procedures. ④ Patient: gastrointestinal Factors. ⑤ Patient: hemodynamic factors. ⑥ Device & technical factors: feeding tube-related problems. ⑦ Procedures outside of ICU: radiological/imaging procedures. ⑧ Procedures outside of ICU: surgical procedures & preoperative preparation. ⑨ Other & undocumented causes.
ICU, intensive care unit. Values are presented as number of events with percentages. “–” indicates that the cause was not reported in the study. Median incidence is presented as median (interquartile range, IQR) across included studies.