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. 2026 Sep 24;13:1923649. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1923649

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Copyright © 2026 Zheng, Yan, Fan, Zhai, Jiang, Xu and Tian.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot displaying the meta-analysis of eight prospective cohort studies comparing maternal n–3 LC-PUFA exposure during pregnancy with non-exposed or reference groups. The plot presents individual study estimates, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and study weights, together with the pooled summary estimate of RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.95). The pooled confidence interval does not cross the null value of 1. — Forest plot of the prospective cohort studies.