Table 1.
Baseline and procedural characteristics of study groups
| Variable | Sandwich ablation (n = 97 patients) |
Conventional ablation (n = 97 patients) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 49.8 ± 11.0 | 51.4 ± 11.5 | 0.28 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 53 (54.6%) | 48 (49.5%) | 0.47 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 20 (20.6%) | 23 (23.7%) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 (9.3%) | 11 (11.3%) | 0.64 |
| LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 57.3 ± 6.2 | 56.8 ± 6.8 | 0.46 |
| LVEDD (mm), mean ± SD | 47.9 ± 3.3 | 48.1 ± 3.1 | 0.59 |
| LA diameter (mm), mean ± SD | 36.7 ± 5.3 | 37.3 ± 5.5 | 0.38 |
| PVC burden (%), mean ± SD | 20.4 ± 8.9 | 19.8 ± 9.3 | 0.61 |
| Procedural Characteristics | |||
| Total procedural time, min (mean ± SD) | 141.1 ± 40.2 | 120.8 ± 38.1 | 0.01 |
| RF application time, min (mean ± SD) | 20.5 ± 10.7 | 14.1 ± 9.8 | 0.003 |
| Number of lesions delivered, mean ± SD | 15.8 ± 4.3 | 9.6 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
| RVOT, n (%) | 25 (25.8%) | 28 (28.9%) | 0.61 |
| LVOT, n (%) | 60 (61.9%) | 56 (57.7%) | 0.51 |
| • Aortic cusps (LCC/RCC/NCC), n (%) | 22 (22.7%) | 21 (21.6%) | 1.000 |
| • LV summit, CVS, n (%) | 24 (24.7%) | 23 (23.7%) | 1.000 |
| • Subvalvular/Subaortic, AMC n (%) | 14 (14.4%) | 12 (12.4%) | 0.833 |
| Others (Parahisian, Crux), n (%) | 12 (12.4%) | 13 (13.4%) | 1.000 |
| Anatomical Adjacent Ablation Performed, n (%) | 97 (100%) | ||
| • Coronary sinus (GCV/AIV), n (%) | 30 (30.9%) | ||
| • Septal RVOT, n (%) | 31 (32.0%) | ||
| • Subvalvular LVOT, n (%) | 22 (22.7%) | ||
| • Others (Parahisian, Crux), n (%) | 14 (14.4%) |
Abbreviations: AIV = anterior interventricular vein; AMC = aortomitral continuity; Crux = atrioventricular crux region; GCV = great cardiac vein; LA = left atrium; LCC = left coronary cusp; LV = left ventricle; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract; NCC = non-coronary cusp; PVC = premature ventricular complex; RCC = right coronary cusp; RF = radiofrequency; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract; SD = standard deviation