Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Dimensions	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Study type (T)	Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), regardless of blinding status	Non-RCT studies (cohort study, case-control study, etc.), reviews, case reports, conference abstracts (without full text)
Study population (P)	3–6 years old preschool children; meeting the diagnostic criteria for asthma	Age <3 years or >6 years; comorbid with other chronic diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease); severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency
Intervention (I)	Experimental group received family-centered care (FCC) intervention	Experimental group lacked core elements of FCC; intervention measures were unclear or showed no significant difference from routine care
Control (C)	Control group received routine care (e.g., outpatient health education, medication guidance, regular follow-up)	Control group received other novel interventions (e.g., Internet + nursing, multidisciplinary team intervention)
Outcome measures (O)	Included at least one preset outcome: 1. Disease control (asthma attack frequency, emergency/hospitalization rate, FEV1, C-ACT score) 2. Family management ability (asthma knowledge score, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale score, SEMS self-efficacy score)	No available outcome data; outcome measures irrelevant to preset ones; obvious data errors
Others	Full-text published; complete data	Duplicate publication; lack of ethical review

FCC, family-centered care; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; C-ACT, Childhood Asthma Control Test; Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, a validated tool for assessing medication adherence; SEMS, Self-Efficacy for Managing Symptoms Scale.