Table 2.

Characteristics of included literatures.

Author, publication year	Country	Sample size of experimental group	Sample size of control group	Age	Gender ratio	Duration & frequency of FCC intervention	Follow-up
Dardouri et al. 2021 (16)	Tunisia	34	34	10.34 ± 2.35	32/36	Four group discussions, divided into 2 days, lasting 8 weeks	12 months
Dardouri et al. 2020 (17)	Tunisia	34	34	10.34 ± 2.35	32/36	Four educational sessions over 8 weeks (July–August 2018)	12 months
Eakin et al. 2020 (18)	USA	147	163	4.2[0.7]	159/151	Four 30–45 min home-based asthma management educational sessions + 3 intensive telephone follow-ups targeting preschoolers in urban family settings	12 months
Fouda et al. 2015 (19)	Egypt	23	24	8.91 ± 2.52	27/20	Twice weekly for 3 months	3 months
Gao et al. 2020 (20)	China	73	52	7.6 ± 2.1	64/61	Each session lasted ∼30 min; telephone consultations averaged 15 min each; total of four sessions	6 months
Jonas et al. 2022 (21)	USA	75	76	5.7 (2.0)	97/54	Six sessions, once every two weeks, each lasting one hour	12 months
Kashaninia et al. 2018 (22)	Iran	23	22	8.72 ± 1.56	28/17	–	6 months
Mahmoud et al. 2019 (23)	Iran	35	35	–	21/49	Five educational sessions, twice weekly, each lasting 45 min	3 months
Ng et al. 2021 (24)	China	56	56	5.26 (2.2)	82/30	45 min per session	6 months
Payrovee et al. 2014 (25)	Iran	14	16	7–11	17/13	Two 2-hour sessions weekly; two subgroups completed 4 intervention sessions over 4 weeks	3 months
Sangnimitchaikul et al. 2022 (26)	USA	37	37	6.0 ± 2.9	48/26	Three interactive meetings (60 min each) over two months	2 months
Shao et al. 2024 (27)	China	47	52	7.49 ± 1.18	56/43	–	3 months
Teymouri et al. 2017 (28)	Iran	30	30	10.16 ± 0.98	32/28	Seven 30-minute sessions	4 months
Wang et al. 2025 (29)	China	28	28	8.50 (2.01)	39/17	Five weeks	3 months
Yeh et al. 2016 (30)	China	34	31	9.23 ± 1.98	39/26	Four treatment sessions, each lasting 50 min	12 months