Table 1.
Patient and prehospital characteristics of EMS-transported severe external-cause injuries according to recorded injury intent (N = 230,302)
| Intentional (N = 55,513) |
Unintentional (N = 174,789) |
P-value | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (Mean ± SD) | 48.4 ± 18.7 | 49.8 ± 22.8 | < 0.001 | 0.067 |
| Sex, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.298 | ||
| Male | 28,000 (50.4) | 113,619 (65.0) | ||
| Female | 27,513 (49.6) | 61,170 (35.0) | ||
| Insurance, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.339 | ||
| Medical insurance | 45,221 (81.5) | 161,468 (92.4) | ||
| Medicaid | 5,231 (9.4) | 8,605 (4.9) | ||
|
Others (e.g., self-pay, automobile insurance) |
5,061 (9.1) | 4,716 (2.7) | ||
| Mechanism of injury, N (%) | < 0.001 | 2.292 | ||
| Traumatic injury | ||||
| Transportation incidents | 93 (0.2) | 86,779 (49.6) | ||
| Falls / Slip down | 8,201 (14.8) | 51,142 (29.3) | ||
| Blunt trauma | 3,847 (6.9) | 6,222 (3.6) | ||
| Stab / Penetrating trauma | 4,133 (7.4) | 2,263 (1.3) | ||
| Machine-related injury | 7 (0.0) | 2,516 (1.4) | ||
| Non-traumatic injury | ||||
| Thermal injury | 83 (0.1) | 2,953(1.7) | ||
| Hanging / Strangling | 7,285 (13.1) | 145 (0.1) | ||
| Drowning / Suffocation | 634 (1.1) | 4,924 (2.8) | ||
| Drug intoxication | 31,145 (56.1) | 13,948 (8.0) | ||
| Others | 18 (0.0) | 1,800 (1.0) | ||
| Missing | 67 (0.1) | 2,097 (1.2) | ||
| Time taken from 119 call to the ED arrival, minutes (Mean ± SD) | 37.6 ± 29.5 | 41.9 ± 32.6 | < 0.001 | 0.138 |
| Level of hospital, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.185 | ||
| Trauma center | 9,050 (16.3) | 30,179 (17.3) | ||
| Regional EMC | 11,809 (21.3) | 31,496 (18.0) | ||
| Local EMC | 25,846 (46.6) | 73,617 (42.1) | ||
| EMC | 8,808 (15.9) | 39,497 (22.6) | ||
| Pre-hospital OHCA, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.332 | ||
| OHCA | 12,122 (21.8) | 17,209 (9.8) | ||
| Non OHCA | 43,391 (78.2) | 157,580 (90.2) |
ED = Emergency department; SD = Standard deviation;
OHCA = Out of hospital Cardiac Arrest; EMC = Emergency medical center
SMD = Standardized mean difference