Table 3.
Characteristics and outcomes of the non-intoxication severe external-cause injury cohort according to recorded injury intent (N = 185,209)
| Intentional (N = 24,368) |
Unintentional (N = 160,841) |
P-value | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (Mean ± SD) | 46.8 ± 19.0 | 50.0 ± 22.9 | < 0.001 | 0.152 |
| Sex, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.091 | ||
| Male | 15,023 (61.7) | 106,221 (66.0) | ||
| Female | 9,345 (38.3) | 54,620 (34.0) | ||
| Insurance, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.397 | ||
| Medical insurance | 19,528 (80.1) | 148,792 (92.5) | ||
| Medicaid | 1,918 (7.9) | 7,774 (4.8) | ||
| Others | 2,922 (12.0) | 4,275 (2.7) | ||
| Mechanism of injury, N (%) | < 0.001 | 2.146 | ||
| Traumatic injury | ||||
| Transportation incidents | 93 (0.4) | 86,779 (54.0) | ||
| Falls / Slip down | 8,201 (33.7) | 51,142 (31.8) | ||
| Blunt trauma | 3,847 (15.8) | 6,222 (3.9) | ||
| Stab/Penetrating trauma | 4,133 (17.0) | 2,263 (1.4) | ||
| Machine-related injury | 7 (0.0) | 2,516 (1.6) | ||
| Non-traumatic injury | ||||
| Thermal injury | 83 (0.3) | 2,953 (1.8) | ||
| Hanging/Strangling | 7,285 (29.9) | 145 (0.1) | ||
| Drowning/Suffocation | 634 (2.6) | 4,924 (3.1) | ||
| Others | 18 (0.1) | 1,800 (1.1) | ||
| Missing | 67 (0.3) | 2,097 (1.3) | ||
| Time taken from 119 call to the ED arrival, minutes (Mean ± SD) | 35.5 ± 30.4 | 40.9 ± 31.7 | < 0.001 | 0.174 |
| Level of hospital, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.093 | ||
| Trauma center | 4,322 (17.7) | 28,839 (17.9) | ||
| Regional EMC | 4,768 (19.6) | 29,089 (18.1) | ||
| Local EMC | 10,786 (44.3) | 67,545 (42.0) | ||
| EMC | 4,492 (18.4) | 35,368 (22.0) | ||
| Pre-hospital OHCA, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.836 | ||
| OHCA | 10,958 (45.0) | 16,793 (10.4) | ||
| Non OHCA | 13,410 (55.0) | 144,048 (89.6) | ||
| Outcome in the ED, N(%) | < 0.001 | 0.723 | ||
| Survival-to-discharge | 6,028 (24.7) | 66,868 (41.6) | ||
| Survival-to-transfer | 1,989 (8.2) | 17,895 (11.1) | ||
| Survival-to-admission | 6,690 (27.5) | 59,249 (36.8) | ||
| Death in the ED | 9,661 (39.6) | 16,829 (10.5) | ||
|
ICU admission among admitted patients, N (%) |
4,953 (74.0) | 30,042 (50.7) | < 0.001 | 0.496 |
| ISS (Median (IQR)) | 5 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | < 0.001 | 0.042 |
|
Surgery or TAE performed among admitted patients, N (%) |
3,164 (47.3) | 27,740 (46.8) | 0.460 | 0.010 |
| Time taken from the ED to surgery, hours (Median (IQR)) | 6.9 (2.2–37.9) | 18.4 (4.1–95.1) | < 0.001 | 0.220 |
|
Time taken from the ED to TAE, hours (Median (IQR)) |
2.8 (1.9–4.6) | 2.7 (1.7–4.5) | 0.289 | 0.126 |
| Result after admission, N (%) | (N = 6,690) | (N = 59,249) | < 0.001 | 0.271 |
| Survival to discharge | 5,277 (78.9) | 52,592 (88.8) | ||
| Death | 1,413 (21.1) | 6,657 (11.2) | ||
| Result after ED, N (%) | < 0.001 | 0.716 | ||
| Survival | 11,305 (46.4) | 119,460 (74.3) | ||
| Death | 11,074 (45.4) | 23,486 (14.6) | ||
| Transfer to other institution | 1,989 (8.2) | 17,895 (11.1) |
ED = Emergency department; SD = Standard deviation
OHCA = Out of hospital Cardiac Arrest
ICU = Intensive care unit; ISS = Injury severity score; EMC = Emergency medical center
TAE = Trans-catheter arterial embolization
SMD = Standardized mean difference