Table 2.

Descriptive statistics, reliability, and validity (N = 386).

Time/variables	M	SD	α	CR	AVE
Wave 1 (T1)
Sport-Leisure participation	3.35	0.82	0.86	0.87	0.62
Community identification	3.42	0.78	0.89	0.89	0.64
Collective efficacy	3.38	0.75	0.87	0.88	0.61
Perceived comm. resilience	3.45	0.79	0.90	0.91	0.65
Wave 2 (T2)
Sport-leisure participation	3.48	0.80	0.88	0.89	0.63
Community identification	3.56	0.76	0.90	0.90	0.65
Collective efficacy	3.52	0.73	0.89	0.90	0.62
Perceived comm. resilience	3.60	0.77	0.91	0.92	0.66
Wave 3 (T3)
Sport-leisure participation	3.62	0.81	0.89	0.90	0.64
Community identification	3.70	0.75	0.91	0.92	0.67
Collective efficacy	3.68	0.71	0.90	0.91	0.65
Perceived comm. resilience	3.75	0.74	0.92	0.93	0.68

M, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation; α, Cronbach’s Alpha; CR, Composite Reliability; AVE, Average Variance Extracted.