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. 2026 Jul 16;26:2929. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28406-w

Table 1.

Characteristics of included articles

No. References Study Design Country
1 Wetmore et al. (2014) [11] Quantitative; Cross-sectional study Canada
2 Hung et al. (2016) [12] Quantitative; Cross-sectional study US
3 Martin et al. (2020) [13] Quantitative; Cross sectional study UK, Canada, Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
4 Tolvanen et al. (2018) [14] Quantitative; Cohort study Finland
5 Neville et al. (2020) [15] Qualitative; Semi-structured interviews New Zealand
6 Das et al. (2020) [16] Qualitative; Interviews and focus groups US
7 Turin et al. (2020) [17] Qualitative; Focus group discussions Canada
8 Naidoo et al. 2019 [18] Qualitative; Focus group discussions South Africa
9 Steyl et al. (2020) [19] Quantitative; Cross-sectional study South Africa
10 Smithman 2018 [20] Quantitative; Cross sectional study Canada
11 Melchiorre et al. (2022) [21] Qualitative; Interviews Italy
12 Xu et al. (2021) [22] Quantitative; retrospective observational cohort study China