Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (R-CSU) with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
| Variable | GERD+ (n=58) | GERD− (n=58) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 34 (58.6) | 39 (67.2) | 0.120 |
| Male, n (%) | 24 (41.4) | 19 (32.8) | |
| Maternal occupation* | 0.300 | ||
| - Homemaker | 31 (59) | 35 (70) | |
| - Employed | 21 (40) | 15 (30) | |
| Smoking exposure* | 0.210 | ||
| - Yes | 37 (68) | 35 (60) | |
| - No | 17 (31) | 23 (40) | |
| Family history of urticaria | 19 (33) | 32 (55) | 0.024 |
| Mean age (years) | 33.03 ± 13.4 | 34.8 ± 12.8 | 0.400 |
| Mean number of children* | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 0.800 |
Values are presented as numbers (%) or means ± standard deviation. The variables include age (years), sex distribution (n, %), maternal occupation (n, %), smoking exposure (n, %), family history of urticaria (n, %), and number of children (mean ± SD).