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. 2026 Jul 8;40:72. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.40.72

Table 4. Assessment of Interobserver Agreement between Attending Physicians and Residents.

Parameter Attending Physician Resident Kappa Coefficient Standard Error
RV function Normal function 284 (81.1%) 302 (86.3%) 0.686 0.047
Mild dysfunction 48 (13.7%) 43 (12.3%)
Moderate dysfunction 17 (4.9%) 5 (1.4%)
Severe dysfunction 1 (0.3%) 0
MR Normal 9 (2.6%) 16 (4.6%) 0.742 0.031
Trace 84 (24.0%) 96 (27.4%)
Mild 190 (54.3%) 192 (54.9%)
Mild to Moderate 43 (12.3%) 39 (11.1%)
Moderate 21 (6.0%) 7 (2.0%)
Moderate to Severe 2 (0.6%) 0
Severe 1 (0.3%) 0
MS Normal 341 (97.4%) 342 (97.7%) 0.463 0.079
Trace 1 (0.3%) 0
Mild 0 3 (0.9%)
Mild to Moderate 0 3 (0.9%)
Moderate 4 (1.1%) 2 (0.6%)
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 4 (1.1%) 0
AI Normal 241 (68.9%) 254 (72.6%) 0.692 0.034
Trace 28 (8.0%) 35 (10.0%)
Mild 46 (13.1%) 43 (4.3%)
Mild to Moderate 23 (6.6%) 15 (0.6%)
Moderate 10 (2.9%) 2 (0.3%)
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 2 (0.6%) 1 (0.3%)
AS Normal 334 (95.5%) 339 (96.9%) 0.770 0.087
Trace 14 (4.0%) 9 (2.6%)
Mild 1 (0.3%) 1 (0.3%)
Mild to Moderate 0 0
Moderate 0 1 (0.3%)
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 1 (0.3%) 0
TR Normal 10 (2.9%) 20 (5.7%) 0.706 0.031
Trace 104 (29.7%) 123 (35.1%)
Mild 171 (48.9%) 164 (46.9%)
Mild to Moderate 44 (12.6%) 34 (9.7%)
Moderate 16 (4.6%) 9 (2.6%)
Moderate to Severe 2 (0.6%) 0
Severe 3 (0.9%) 0
TS Normal 349 (99.7%) 349 (99.7%) 1 <0.001
Trace 0 0
Mild 0 0
Mild to Moderate 1 (0.3%) 1 (0.3%)
Moderate 0 0
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 0 0
PI Normal 103 (29.4%) 124 (35.4%) 0.826 0.029
Trace 221 (63.1%) 203 (58.0%)
Mild 18 (5.1%) 18 (5.1%)
Mild to Moderate 6 (1.7%) 5 (1.4%)
Moderate 2 (0.6%) 0
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 0 0
PS Normal 347 (99.1%) 347 (99.1%) 1 0.031
Trace 3 (0.9%) 3 (0.9%)
Mild 0 0
Mild to Moderate 0 0
Moderate 0 0
Moderate to Severe 0 0
Severe 0 0
PH Normal 279 (79.7%) 284 (81.1%) 0.916 0.026
Mild 38 (10.9%) 36 (10.3%)
Moderate 17 (4.9%) 18 (5.1%)
Severe 16 (4.2%) 12 (3.2%)