Table 1. Clinical and echocardiographic data of the study groups.
| All patients | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P-values | |
| Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). AF: atrial fibrillation; Group 1: no AF recurrence; Group 2: recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia responsive to antiarrhythmic drugs; Group 3: recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. BMI: body mass index; AFD: AF duration; LARF: LA linear ablation; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD: end stage renal disease; LAD: left atrial diameter; LAVmax: maximal left atrial volume; LAVmin: minimal left atrial volume; LAEF: left atrial emptying fraction; IVS: interventricular septum; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MR: mitral regurgitation; RHD: rheumatic heart disease; TBS: tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. | |||||
| Patient numbers | 400 | 287 (71.75%) | 70 (17.50%) | 43 (10.75%) | |
| Age, yrs | 59.6 ± 11.5 | 58.3 ± 10.7 | 62.3 ± 12.4 | 63.7 ± 13.0 | 0.002 |
| Gender (males, %) | 275 (68.7%) | 204 (71.1%) | 49 (70%) | 22 (51.1%) | 0.031 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.335 | ||||
| < 25% | 168 (42.0%) | 129 (44.9%) | 23 (32.9%) | 16 (37.2%) | |
| 25%-30% | 174 (43.5%) | 117 (40.8%) | 35 (50.0%) | 22 (51.2%) | |
| ≥ 30% | 58 (14.5%) | 41 (14.3%) | 12 (17.1%) | 5 (11.6%) | |
| AF type | < 0.001 | ||||
| Paroxysmal | 284 (71.0%) | 226 (78.7%) | 41 (58.6%) | 17 (39.5%) | |
| Persistent | 116 (29%) | 61 (21.3%) | 29 (41.4%) | 26 (60.5 %) | |
| AFD, yrs | 3.29 ± 3.28 | 2.85 ± 2.80 | 3.64 ± 3.39 | 5.66 ± 4.79 | < 0.001 |
| LARF | 196 (49.0%) | 115 (40.1%) | 46 (65.7%) | 35 (81.4%) | < 0.001 |
| TBS, % | 45 (11.3%) | 25 (8.7%) | 11 (15.7%) | 9 (20.9%) | 0.026 |
| Ablation times | 1.41 ± 0.68 | 1.36 ± 0.65 | 1.46 ± 0.67 | 1.63 ± 0.85 | 0.047 |
| Hypertension | 201 (50.3%) | 134 (46.7%) | 44 (62.9%) | 24 (55.8%) | 0.040 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 83 (20.8%) | 53 (18.5%) | 19 (27.1%) | 11 (25.6%) | 0.196 |
| Dyslipidemia | 149 (37.3%) | 103 (35.9%) | 31 (44.3%) | 16 (37.2%) | 0.429 |
| CAD | 17 (4.3%) | 11 (3.8%) | 5 (7.1%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.487 |
| ESRD | 13 (3.3 %) | 6 (2.1 %) | 4 (5.7 %) | 3 (7.0 %) | 0.107 |
| RHD | 6 (1.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (9.3%) | 0.003 |
| CHA2DS2VASc | 2.81 ± 0.89 | 2.69 ± 0.80 | 3.03 ± 0.95 | 3.28 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 26 (6.5%) | 15 (5.2%) | 7 (10.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | 0.255 |
| COPD | 14 (3.5%) | 8 (2.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | 5 (11.6%) | 0.018 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| LAD, mm | 42.5 ± 6.6 | 40.7 ± 5.7 | 46.3 ± 6.6 | 47.7 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| LAVmax, mL | 67.3 ± 30.1 | 59.6 ± 22.7 | 78.9 ± 37.8 | 96.6 ± 35.8 | < 0.001 |
| LAVmin (ml) | 39.4 ± 26.4 | 31.9 ± 18.5 | 51.1 ± 32.8 | 67.3 ± 33.8 | < 0.001 |
| LAEF (%) | 45.4 ± 12.9 | 49.1 ± 11.1 | 38.2 ± 12.8 | 32.7 ± 11.7 | < 0.001 |
| IVS (mm) | 11.9 ± 2.5 | 11.7 ± 2.6 | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 0.109 |
| LVEF (%) | 65.4 ± 8.3 | 66.4 ± 7.2 | 63.6 ± 9.7 | 62.0 ± 11.4 | 0.001 |
| MR grade | < 0.001 | ||||
| None or Trivial | 73 (18.25%) | 64 (22.3%) | 7 (10.0%) | 2 (4.7%) | |
| Mild | 231 (57.75%) | 170 (59.2%) | 38 (54.3%) | 23 (53.4%) | |
| ≥ Mild to moderate | 96 (24.00%) | 53 (18.5%) | 25 (35.7%) | 18 (41.9%) | |